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Understanding the Cause-and-Effect Principles Action Match Strike Condition Open Fire Caused By Condition Match Exists Condition Combustible Material Condition Oxygen Present Figure 3.3. Example of Conditions and Actions As we ask “Why Open Fire” we see that three conditions exist in the form of “Match Exists,” “Combustible Material,” and “Oxygen Present.” The fire is created at the moment the match strike occurs. In this example, a match strike is the action; and as soon as that match strikes, we have a fire. It takes all three conditions and one action to create the fire. To learn more about this principle go to http://coach.<strong>RealityCharting</strong>. com/Book/Exercise3.3. Causes and Effects Are Part of an Infinite Continuum of Causes As we observe the structure of the cause chain created by asking why, we are drawn to a linear path of causes. The causes presented in Figure 3.1 have been rearranged in Figure 3.4 to represent a linear chain of causes. This chain of causes seems to go on as long as we keep asking why and getting answers, so where does it start and where does it end Injury Caused By Fall Caused By Slipped Caused By Wet Surface Caused By Leaky Valve Caused By Seal Failure Figure 3.4. A Continuum of Causes 56
Understanding the Cause-and-Effect Principles In event-based problem solving, we always start with an effect of consequence that we want to keep from recurring and end at our point of ignorance. Our point of ignorance is where we can honestly admit we don’t know why. Presented with a reality that has a never-ending set of causes is something we have great difficulty accepting and probably explains why we stop asking why at an early age and pursue simpler strategies like categorization and storytelling. Designed to find the right answer, the human mind simply cannot deal with not knowing 2 so we create answers when there are none. This is particularly true in group settings because we don’t want to be embarrassed. 3 Where we begin is a function of our own perspective. If we are the person responsible for valve maintenance in this example, we may choose to start asking why with the leaky valve or possibly the seal failure. If we were the safety engineer, our primary interest would be in preventing the injury from happening again, so we would probably start with injury and begin asking why. What if we were the injured person Our interest may be the pain, so our focus would start before “injury” at the effect of “pain”; and we would have a chain of causes that starts with “pain,” as shown in Figure 3.5. Injury Caused By Pain Caused By Fall Caused By Slipped Caused By Wet Surface Caused By Leaky Valve Figure 3.5. New Continuum of Causes For our convenience, we are going to call this starting point the “primary effect.” A primary effect is any effect that we want to prevent from occurring and it can exist anywhere in the cause continuum. The primary effect is not a universal point that we must somehow discover. It is a point in the cause chain where we choose to focus and begin asking why. This point can be changed anytime we need to change our focus. We may have more than one primary effect for a given event, which will be discussed later. Knowing that causes and effects are part of an infinite continuum of causes helps us understand that, no matter where we start our problem analysis, we are always in the middle of a chain of causes. This helps us understand that there is no right place to start. Like a jigsaw puzzle, we can start the problem-solving process anywhere and still end up with a 57
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Seven Steps To Effective Problem-So
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RealityCharting Seven Steps to Effe
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To all who value learning 3
Page 7 and 8: Table of Contents Fault Tree Ana
Page 9 and 10: Table of Contents Corrective Act
Page 11 and 12: Preface At the time of my first boo
Page 13 and 14: Acknowledgments This book is the pr
Page 15 and 16: Introduction Introduction If You Ha
Page 17 and 18: Personal Success Introduction Succe
Page 19 and 20: Paradigm Shift In his highly succes
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Page 39 and 40: 2 Conventional Wisdom Compared Igno
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Page 53 and 54: 3 Understanding the Cause-and-Effec
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Facilitation Skills Do not confuse
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Facilitation Skills 1. Everyone sho
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Parochial Mindset Facilitation Skil
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Facilitation Skills a common proble
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Facilitation Skills For the person
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How do I prevent manipulation of th
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Facilitation Skills Let the storyte
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Success and Serendipity 13 Success
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Success and Serendipity If we look
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Success and Serendipity While “se
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Success and Serendipity To help us
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Success and Serendipity unknown. To
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Success and Serendipity provides ma
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187 Success and Serendipity path be
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and arrogance. To avoid this trap,
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14 A New Way of Thinking A New Way
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Like the evolution of mathematics,
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About the Author Dean L. Gano is pr
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