RACE AND THE ENFORCEMENT OF DRUG DELIVERY LAWS IN ...

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REFERENCES Adler, Patricia. 1985. Wheeling and Dealing: An Ethnography of an Upper-Level Drug Dealing and Smuggling Community. New York: Columbia University Press. Banta-Green, Caleb, Gary Goldbaum, Susan Kingston, Matthew Golden, Richard Harruff, and Barry K. Logan. 2005. “Epidemiology of MDMA and Associated Club Drugs in the Seattle Area.” Substance Use and Misuse 40: 1295-1315. Banta-Green, Caleb, T. Ron Jackson, Michael Hanrahan, Steve Freng, Susan Kingston, David H. Albert, Ann Forbes, Richard Haruff, and Sara Miller. 2006. “Recent Drug Abuse Trends in the Seattle-King County Area.” Epidemiologic Trends in Drug Abuse, June 2006. Banta-Green, Caleb, Joseph Merrill, T. Ron Jackson, and Michael Hanrahan. 2007. ADAI Research Brief: The Use and Abuse of Prescription Type Opiates in Washington State (March 30). Beckett, Katherine. 1995. “Media Depictions of Drug Abuse: The Impact of Official Sources.” Journal of Research in Political Sociology 7:11-182. Beckett, Katherine, Kris Nyrop, Lori Pfingst, and Melissa Bowen. 2005. “Drug Use, Drug Arrests, and the Question of Race: Lessons from Seattle.” Social Problems 52, no. 3 (August 2005): 419-41. Beckett, Katherine, Kris Nyrop, and Lori Pfingst. 2006. “Race, Drugs and Policing: Understanding Disparities in Drug Delivery Arrests.” Criminology 44, no. 1 (February 2006): 105-137. Beckett, Katherine and Theodore Sasson. 1998. “The Media and the Construction of the Drug Crisis in America.” In The New War on Drugs: Symbolic Politics and Criminal Justice Policy. Eds Eric Jensen and Jurg Gerber. Anderson Publishers. Brownstein, Henry H., H.R.S. Baxi, P.J. Goldstein, and P.J. Ryan. 1992. “The Relationship of Drugs, Drug Trafficking, and Drug Traffickers to Homicide.” Journal of Crime and Justice 15:25 -44. 101
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RACE AND DRUG LAW ENFORCEMENT IN SE
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This report was commissioned as par
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LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES PAGE TAB
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Figure 9. Purposeful Seattle Drug D
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SUMMARY OF KEY FINDINGS FINDING 1 T
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FINDING 4 The focus on crack cocain
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INTRODUCTION Less than 5 percent of
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RACIAL DISPARITIES IN SEATTLE DRUG
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Table 1. Black and White Drug Arres
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esearchers found that rates of drug
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RESEARCH DESIGN AND ORGANIZATION OF
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serious drugs in Seattle are white.
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users: “Persons at almost all lev
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as the goal is to provide samples o
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percent of white Seattle residents,
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acial/ethnic groups. These data ind
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When approaching clients, surveyors
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youth. However, these surveys likel
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80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0%
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or partially publicly-funded treatm
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Primary Drug of Abuse Cocaine (all
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system at the time of their death w
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did not transfer drugs to the buyer
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Insofar as many drug users knowingl
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the person who provided these subst
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Table 7. Racial and Ethnic Composit
Page 55 and 56:
Table 8. Summary of Data Pertaining
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ut only 89 for methamphetamine, ecs
Page 59 and 60: time. 87 As noted previously, this
Page 61 and 62: Drug delivery arrests continue to b
Page 63 and 64: In sum, many of the arrest patterns
Page 65 and 66: Table 10. Racial Disparity in Drug
Page 68 and 69: PART III: EXPLAINING RACIAL DISPARI
Page 70 and 71: that a higher percentage of whites
Page 72 and 73: After clients had completed their s
Page 74 and 75: Table 13. Racial and Ethnic Composi
Page 76 and 77: whites engaging in the same behavio
Page 78 and 79: Analysis of the patterns found in t
Page 80 and 81: Table 16. Statistical Significance
Page 82 and 83: In sum, the evidence shows that rac
Page 84 and 85: those delivering drugs downtown wer
Page 86 and 87: for delivering a serious drug in Se
Page 88 and 89: to danger, instantaneous addiction
Page 90 and 91: 9.6 percent primarily abused other
Page 92 and 93: percent of those delivering drugs d
Page 94 and 95: officers made a drug arrest, issued
Page 96 and 97: Figure 18. Geographic Distribution
Page 98 and 99: Figure 20. Geographic Distribution
Page 100 and 101: As these maps illustrate, civilian
Page 102 and 103: and infant health by crack cocaine
Page 104 and 105: Although the crack trade has been a
Page 106: Weapons were more likely to be seiz
Page 109: supports an alternative explanation
Page 113 and 114: Hagedorn, John M. 1994. “Homeboys
Page 115 and 116: Murphy, Sheigla and Dan Waldorf. 19
Page 117 and 118: Ritter, Alison. 2005. A Review of A
Page 119 and 120: United Nations International Drug C
Page 121 and 122: APPENDIX B: UNRELIABLE 9-1-1 CALL E
Page 123 and 124: Complaint: Arrival: Officer Update:
Page 126: ABOUT THE AUTHOR Katherine Beckett
Page 130: THE DEFENDER ASSOCIATION
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