RACE AND THE ENFORCEMENT OF DRUG DELIVERY LAWS IN ...

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Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA). 2007). Results from the 2006 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: National Findings. Office of Applied Studies, NSDUH Series H-32, DHHS Publication No. SMA 07- 4293. Rockville, MD: National Institute of Health. Taylor, Bruce and Henry H. Brownstein. 2003. “Toward the Operationalization of Drug Market Stability.” Journal of Drug Issues 33, no. 1:73-98. Tonry, Michael. 1995. Malign Neglect: Race, Crime, and Punishment in America. New York: Oxford University Press. Topp, L., C. Breen, S. Kaye, and S. Darke. 2004. “Adapting the Illicit Drug Reporting System to Examine the Feasibility of Monitoring Trends in the Markets for ‘Party Drugs.” Drug and Alcohol Dependence 7, 73, no. 2:189-97. Travis, Jeremy and Michelle Waul, eds. 2004. Prisoners Once Removed: The Impact of Incarceration and Re-entry on Children, Families and Communities. Washington, DC: Urban Institute Press. Wagner, Lisa Smith, Linda Carlin, Ana Mari Cauce, and Adam Tenner. 2001. “A Snapshot of Homeless Youth in Seattle: Their Characteristics, Behaviors, and Beliefs about HIV Protective Strategies.” Journal of Community Health 26, no. 3:219-232. Waldorf, Dan, Craig Reinarman, and Sheigla Murphy. 1991. Cocaine Changes: The Experience of Using and Quitting. Temple University Press. Western, Bruce. 2006. Punishment and Inequality in America. New York: Russell Sage Foundation. Western, Bruce and Sara McLanahan. 2000. “Fathers in Fragile Families: The Impact of Incarceration on Family Formation.” In Families and Crime. Ed G.L. Fox. London: Oxford University Press. Western, Bruce and Becky Pettit. 2005. “Black-White Wage Inequality, Employment Rates, and Incarceration.” American Journal of Sociology 111:553–578. Wilkins, C., M. Girling, P. Sweetsur, and R. Butler. 2005. Hallucinogens and Other Illicit Drug Trends in New Zealand, 2005. Center for Social and Health Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Massey University, New Zealand. 109
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RACE AND DRUG LAW ENFORCEMENT IN SE
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This report was commissioned as par
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LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES PAGE TAB
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Figure 9. Purposeful Seattle Drug D
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SUMMARY OF KEY FINDINGS FINDING 1 T
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FINDING 4 The focus on crack cocain
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INTRODUCTION Less than 5 percent of
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RACIAL DISPARITIES IN SEATTLE DRUG
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Table 1. Black and White Drug Arres
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esearchers found that rates of drug
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RESEARCH DESIGN AND ORGANIZATION OF
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serious drugs in Seattle are white.
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users: “Persons at almost all lev
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as the goal is to provide samples o
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percent of white Seattle residents,
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acial/ethnic groups. These data ind
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When approaching clients, surveyors
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youth. However, these surveys likel
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80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0%
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or partially publicly-funded treatm
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Primary Drug of Abuse Cocaine (all
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system at the time of their death w
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did not transfer drugs to the buyer
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Insofar as many drug users knowingl
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the person who provided these subst
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Table 7. Racial and Ethnic Composit
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Table 8. Summary of Data Pertaining
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ut only 89 for methamphetamine, ecs
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time. 87 As noted previously, this
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Drug delivery arrests continue to b
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In sum, many of the arrest patterns
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Table 10. Racial Disparity in Drug
Page 68 and 69: PART III: EXPLAINING RACIAL DISPARI
Page 70 and 71: that a higher percentage of whites
Page 72 and 73: After clients had completed their s
Page 74 and 75: Table 13. Racial and Ethnic Composi
Page 76 and 77: whites engaging in the same behavio
Page 78 and 79: Analysis of the patterns found in t
Page 80 and 81: Table 16. Statistical Significance
Page 82 and 83: In sum, the evidence shows that rac
Page 84 and 85: those delivering drugs downtown wer
Page 86 and 87: for delivering a serious drug in Se
Page 88 and 89: to danger, instantaneous addiction
Page 90 and 91: 9.6 percent primarily abused other
Page 92 and 93: percent of those delivering drugs d
Page 94 and 95: officers made a drug arrest, issued
Page 96 and 97: Figure 18. Geographic Distribution
Page 98 and 99: Figure 20. Geographic Distribution
Page 100 and 101: As these maps illustrate, civilian
Page 102 and 103: and infant health by crack cocaine
Page 104 and 105: Although the crack trade has been a
Page 106: Weapons were more likely to be seiz
Page 109 and 110: supports an alternative explanation
Page 111 and 112: Buckman, Charles, and John Lamberth
Page 113 and 114: Hagedorn, John M. 1994. “Homeboys
Page 115 and 116: Murphy, Sheigla and Dan Waldorf. 19
Page 117: Ritter, Alison. 2005. A Review of A
Page 121 and 122: APPENDIX B: UNRELIABLE 9-1-1 CALL E
Page 123 and 124: Complaint: Arrival: Officer Update:
Page 126: ABOUT THE AUTHOR Katherine Beckett
Page 130: THE DEFENDER ASSOCIATION
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