RACE AND THE ENFORCEMENT OF DRUG DELIVERY LAWS IN ...

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RACE AND DRUG LAW ENFORCEMENT IN SEATTLE REPORT PREPARED FOR THE ACLU DRUG LAW REFORM PROJECT AND THE DEFENDER ASSOCIATION September 2008 KATHERINE BECKETT Associate Professor Department of Sociology Law, Societies & Justice Program University of Washington
This report was commissioned as part of litigation challenging the selective enforcement of drug laws against African Americans in Seattle. The arrest and complaint data analyzed in the report were produced by the Seattle Police Department in the course of the litigation. THE AMERICAN CIVIL LIBERTIES UNION is our nation’s guardian of liberty, working daily in courts, legislatures and communities to defend and preserve the individual rights and liberties that the Constitution and laws of the United States guarantee everyone in this country. THE ACLU DRUG LAW REFORM PROJECT is a division of the national ACLU. The Project’s goal is to end punitive drug policies that cause the widespread violation of constitutional and human rights, as well as unprecedented levels of incarceration. THE DEFENDER ASSOCIATION is a non-profit law firm providing public defender services to King County and the City of Seattle since 1969. Its Racial Disparity Project has worked since 1998 to reduce racial inequality in the criminal justice system. The project is supported by the JEHT Foundation, the Open Society Institute, the Drug Policy Alliance and the Massena Family Foundation, among other funders. Design: Daniel Berger The individuals depicted on the front cover of this report are models and are used for illustrative purposes only.
Page 1: RACE AND DRUG LAW ENFORCEMENT IN SE
Page 5 and 6: LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES PAGE TAB
Page 7 and 8: Figure 9. Purposeful Seattle Drug D
Page 10 and 11: SUMMARY OF KEY FINDINGS FINDING 1 T
Page 12 and 13: FINDING 4 The focus on crack cocain
Page 14 and 15: INTRODUCTION Less than 5 percent of
Page 16 and 17: RACIAL DISPARITIES IN SEATTLE DRUG
Page 18 and 19: Table 1. Black and White Drug Arres
Page 20 and 21: esearchers found that rates of drug
Page 22 and 23: RESEARCH DESIGN AND ORGANIZATION OF
Page 24: serious drugs in Seattle are white.
Page 27 and 28: users: “Persons at almost all lev
Page 29 and 30: as the goal is to provide samples o
Page 31 and 32: percent of white Seattle residents,
Page 33 and 34: acial/ethnic groups. These data ind
Page 35 and 36: When approaching clients, surveyors
Page 37 and 38: youth. However, these surveys likel
Page 39 and 40: 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0%
Page 41 and 42: or partially publicly-funded treatm
Page 43 and 44: Primary Drug of Abuse Cocaine (all
Page 45 and 46: system at the time of their death w
Page 47 and 48: did not transfer drugs to the buyer
Page 49 and 50: Insofar as many drug users knowingl
Page 51 and 52: the person who provided these subst
Page 53 and 54:
Table 7. Racial and Ethnic Composit
Page 55 and 56:
Table 8. Summary of Data Pertaining
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ut only 89 for methamphetamine, ecs
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time. 87 As noted previously, this
Page 61 and 62:
Drug delivery arrests continue to b
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In sum, many of the arrest patterns
Page 65 and 66:
Table 10. Racial Disparity in Drug
Page 68 and 69:
PART III: EXPLAINING RACIAL DISPARI
Page 70 and 71:
that a higher percentage of whites
Page 72 and 73:
After clients had completed their s
Page 74 and 75:
Table 13. Racial and Ethnic Composi
Page 76 and 77:
whites engaging in the same behavio
Page 78 and 79:
Analysis of the patterns found in t
Page 80 and 81:
Table 16. Statistical Significance
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In sum, the evidence shows that rac
Page 84 and 85:
those delivering drugs downtown wer
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for delivering a serious drug in Se
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to danger, instantaneous addiction
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9.6 percent primarily abused other
Page 92 and 93:
percent of those delivering drugs d
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officers made a drug arrest, issued
Page 96 and 97:
Figure 18. Geographic Distribution
Page 98 and 99:
Figure 20. Geographic Distribution
Page 100 and 101:
As these maps illustrate, civilian
Page 102 and 103:
and infant health by crack cocaine
Page 104 and 105:
Although the crack trade has been a
Page 106:
Weapons were more likely to be seiz
Page 109 and 110:
supports an alternative explanation
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Buckman, Charles, and John Lamberth
Page 113 and 114:
Hagedorn, John M. 1994. “Homeboys
Page 115 and 116:
Murphy, Sheigla and Dan Waldorf. 19
Page 117 and 118:
Ritter, Alison. 2005. A Review of A
Page 119 and 120:
United Nations International Drug C
Page 121 and 122:
APPENDIX B: UNRELIABLE 9-1-1 CALL E
Page 123 and 124:
Complaint: Arrival: Officer Update:
Page 126:
ABOUT THE AUTHOR Katherine Beckett
Page 130:
THE DEFENDER ASSOCIATION
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