RACE AND THE ENFORCEMENT OF DRUG DELIVERY LAWS IN ...

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Lu, Natalie T., Bruce G. Taylor, and K. Jack Riley. 2001. “The Validity of Adult Arrestee Self-Reports of Crack Cocaine Use.” American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse 27, no. 3. Manderson, Desmond. 1997. “Substances as Symbols: Race Rhetoric and the Tropes of Australian Drug History.” Social and Legal Studies 6, no. 3:383-400. Manza, Jeff and Christopher Uggen. 2006. Locked Out: Felon Disenfranchisement and American Democracy. New York: Oxford University Press. Marijuana Policy Review Panel. 2007. Final Report of the Marijuana Policy Review Panel on the Implementation of Initiative 75. http://www.cityofseattle.net/council/attachments/2008mprp_final_report.pdf. Mauer, Marc and Meda Chesney-Lind, eds. 2003. Invisible Punishment: The Collateral Consequences of Mass Imprisonment. New York: The New Press. Millman, Robert B. and Ann Bordwine Beeder. 1998. “The New Psychedelic Culture: LSD, Ecstasy, ‘Rave’ Parties, and the Grateful Dead.” Chapter 21 in The American Drug Scene: An Anthology. Ed. James A. Inciardi and Karen McElrath. Beverly Hills: Roxbury Publishing. Minority and Justice Commission, Washington State Supreme Court. 1999. The Impact of Race and Ethnicity on Charging and Sentencing Processes for Drug Offenders in Three Counties in Washington State. Montalvo-Barbot, Alfredo. 1997. “Crime in Puerto Rico: Drug Trafficking, Money Laundering, and the Poor.” Crime and Delinquency 43, no. 4:533-48. Morgan, John P. and Lynn Zimmer. 1997. “The Social Pharmacology of Smokable Cocaine: Not All Its Cracked Up To Be.” Chapter 7 in Crack in America: Demon Drugs and Social Justice. Ed Craig Reinarman and Harry G. Levine. Berkeley: University of California Press. Murphy, Sheigla and Marsha Rosenbaum. 1997. “Two Women Who Used Cocaine Too Much: Class, Race, Gender, Crack, and Coke.” Chapter 4 in Crack in America: Demon Drugs and Social Justice. Ed Craig Reinarman and Harry G. Levine. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press. 105
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RACE AND DRUG LAW ENFORCEMENT IN SE
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This report was commissioned as par
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LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES PAGE TAB
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Figure 9. Purposeful Seattle Drug D
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SUMMARY OF KEY FINDINGS FINDING 1 T
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FINDING 4 The focus on crack cocain
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INTRODUCTION Less than 5 percent of
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RACIAL DISPARITIES IN SEATTLE DRUG
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Table 1. Black and White Drug Arres
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esearchers found that rates of drug
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RESEARCH DESIGN AND ORGANIZATION OF
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serious drugs in Seattle are white.
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users: “Persons at almost all lev
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as the goal is to provide samples o
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percent of white Seattle residents,
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acial/ethnic groups. These data ind
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When approaching clients, surveyors
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youth. However, these surveys likel
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80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0%
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or partially publicly-funded treatm
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Primary Drug of Abuse Cocaine (all
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system at the time of their death w
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did not transfer drugs to the buyer
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Insofar as many drug users knowingl
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the person who provided these subst
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Table 7. Racial and Ethnic Composit
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Table 8. Summary of Data Pertaining
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ut only 89 for methamphetamine, ecs
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time. 87 As noted previously, this
Page 61 and 62:
Drug delivery arrests continue to b
Page 63 and 64: In sum, many of the arrest patterns
Page 65 and 66: Table 10. Racial Disparity in Drug
Page 68 and 69: PART III: EXPLAINING RACIAL DISPARI
Page 70 and 71: that a higher percentage of whites
Page 72 and 73: After clients had completed their s
Page 74 and 75: Table 13. Racial and Ethnic Composi
Page 76 and 77: whites engaging in the same behavio
Page 78 and 79: Analysis of the patterns found in t
Page 80 and 81: Table 16. Statistical Significance
Page 82 and 83: In sum, the evidence shows that rac
Page 84 and 85: those delivering drugs downtown wer
Page 86 and 87: for delivering a serious drug in Se
Page 88 and 89: to danger, instantaneous addiction
Page 90 and 91: 9.6 percent primarily abused other
Page 92 and 93: percent of those delivering drugs d
Page 94 and 95: officers made a drug arrest, issued
Page 96 and 97: Figure 18. Geographic Distribution
Page 98 and 99: Figure 20. Geographic Distribution
Page 100 and 101: As these maps illustrate, civilian
Page 102 and 103: and infant health by crack cocaine
Page 104 and 105: Although the crack trade has been a
Page 106: Weapons were more likely to be seiz
Page 109 and 110: supports an alternative explanation
Page 111 and 112: Buckman, Charles, and John Lamberth
Page 113: Hagedorn, John M. 1994. “Homeboys
Page 117 and 118: Ritter, Alison. 2005. A Review of A
Page 119 and 120: United Nations International Drug C
Page 121 and 122: APPENDIX B: UNRELIABLE 9-1-1 CALL E
Page 123 and 124: Complaint: Arrival: Officer Update:
Page 126: ABOUT THE AUTHOR Katherine Beckett
Page 130: THE DEFENDER ASSOCIATION
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