RACE AND THE ENFORCEMENT OF DRUG DELIVERY LAWS IN ...

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APPENDIX A: PUBLIC <strong>DRUG</strong> TREATMENT ADMISSIONS AMONG SEATTLE RESIDENTS Table A1. Racial/Ethnic Composition of Seattle Residents Admitted to Public Drug Treatment Programs by Primary Drug of Abuse and Referral Source, 2006 Primary Drug of Abuse Cocaine (all types) (n=1,921) Heroin (n=1,855) Meth (n=833) Other Serious Drugs (n=102) All Serious Drugs (n=5,136) Referral Source Criminal Justice White Black/ African American American Indian/ Alaska Native Hispanic / Latino Asian/ Pacific Islander 27.8% 55.7% 1% 3.2% 2.9% Other 32.9% 49.3% 2.5% 4% 1.1% All Referrals Criminal Justice 31.1% 51.6% 2% 3.7% 1.8% 56.6% 19.6% 3.5% 7.1% .3% Other 63.6% 16.9% 2.7% 6.5% .5% All Referrals Criminal Justice 62.4% 17.4% 2.9% 6.6% .5% 80.3% 2% 1.7% 2% 3.5% Other 71.5% 8.1% 2.6% 5.8% 3% All Referrals Criminal Justice Other Referrals All Referrals Criminal Justice Other Referrals All Referrals 75.8% 5.2% 2.2% 4% 3.2% 52% 20.6% 3.9% 4.9% 2% 68% 11.8% 2.4% 2.6% 3.8% 64.9% 13.5% 2.7% 3% 3.4% 49.4% 31.6% 1.9% 3.8% 2.5% 54.7% 26.2% 2.6% 4.7% 1.4% 53.1% 27.8% 2.4% 4.7% 1.7% Source: Caleb Banta-Green, Research Scientist, Alcohol and Drug Abuse Institute University of Washington. Note: The results shown here include residents living in all zip codes which are entirely or partly inside Seattle. Thirty-seven of these zip codes fall exclusively within Seattle; four span the city boundary. The numbers shown here are smaller than those shown in the main body of the report because they are based on data received as of November 2007. 111
APPENDIX B: UNRELIABLE 9-1-1 CALL EXAMPLES Event 06-187267 Complaint: “People lined up in front smoking crack…. 12 black males, 1 white male with long blond hair… .” Arrival: One minute later. Officer Update: “[I] was sitting in front of the location when the subject called and it is a bogus call.” Complaint: Arrival: Officer Update: Complaint: Arrival: Officer Update: Complaint: Arrival: Officer Update: Complaint: Arrival: Officer Update: Event 06-131429 “Out front, remove group of males selling narcotics which is making it difficult for customers to get in; 9 black males.” Two minutes later. “Pretty quiet out here.” Event 06-132028 “Complainant says there are 20 subjects smoking crack just inside main entrance… .” Three minutes later. “Bogus call. Business is very good about no drugs. No crack smokers located.” Event 05-177474 “Check for drug dealer at car wash. Selling drugs out of vehicle…. .” 16 minutes later. “The owner of the blue caddy is drying cars for a few dollars and not dealing dope as the ‘too sacred to leave my name’ caller said. He is trying his hand at entrepreneurship and I don’t have a problem with him. I wonder what the caller does for a living, or maybe they were tooooo cheeeap to pay for his services…. No Po-Po services needed here.” Event 06-219635 “SB Bus Stop, 3 people smoking crack, black male, white female, black female.” 36 seconds later. “No one here smoking crack.” 112
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RACE AND DRUG LAW ENFORCEMENT IN SE
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This report was commissioned as par
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LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES PAGE TAB
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Figure 9. Purposeful Seattle Drug D
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SUMMARY OF KEY FINDINGS FINDING 1 T
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FINDING 4 The focus on crack cocain
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INTRODUCTION Less than 5 percent of
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RACIAL DISPARITIES IN SEATTLE DRUG
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Table 1. Black and White Drug Arres
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esearchers found that rates of drug
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RESEARCH DESIGN AND ORGANIZATION OF
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serious drugs in Seattle are white.
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users: “Persons at almost all lev
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as the goal is to provide samples o
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percent of white Seattle residents,
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acial/ethnic groups. These data ind
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When approaching clients, surveyors
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youth. However, these surveys likel
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80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0%
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or partially publicly-funded treatm
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Primary Drug of Abuse Cocaine (all
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system at the time of their death w
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did not transfer drugs to the buyer
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Insofar as many drug users knowingl
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the person who provided these subst
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Table 7. Racial and Ethnic Composit
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Table 8. Summary of Data Pertaining
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ut only 89 for methamphetamine, ecs
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time. 87 As noted previously, this
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Drug delivery arrests continue to b
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In sum, many of the arrest patterns
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Table 10. Racial Disparity in Drug
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PART III: EXPLAINING RACIAL DISPARI
Page 70 and 71: that a higher percentage of whites
Page 72 and 73: After clients had completed their s
Page 74 and 75: Table 13. Racial and Ethnic Composi
Page 76 and 77: whites engaging in the same behavio
Page 78 and 79: Analysis of the patterns found in t
Page 80 and 81: Table 16. Statistical Significance
Page 82 and 83: In sum, the evidence shows that rac
Page 84 and 85: those delivering drugs downtown wer
Page 86 and 87: for delivering a serious drug in Se
Page 88 and 89: to danger, instantaneous addiction
Page 90 and 91: 9.6 percent primarily abused other
Page 92 and 93: percent of those delivering drugs d
Page 94 and 95: officers made a drug arrest, issued
Page 96 and 97: Figure 18. Geographic Distribution
Page 98 and 99: Figure 20. Geographic Distribution
Page 100 and 101: As these maps illustrate, civilian
Page 102 and 103: and infant health by crack cocaine
Page 104 and 105: Although the crack trade has been a
Page 106: Weapons were more likely to be seiz
Page 109 and 110: supports an alternative explanation
Page 111 and 112: Buckman, Charles, and John Lamberth
Page 113 and 114: Hagedorn, John M. 1994. “Homeboys
Page 115 and 116: Murphy, Sheigla and Dan Waldorf. 19
Page 117 and 118: Ritter, Alison. 2005. A Review of A
Page 119: United Nations International Drug C
Page 123 and 124: Complaint: Arrival: Officer Update:
Page 126: ABOUT THE AUTHOR Katherine Beckett
Page 130: THE DEFENDER ASSOCIATION
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