Experiment Proposal - opera - Infn

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Figure 105: Top: track recognition efficiency of the UTS as a function of the track angle. The track angle distribution expected for ν interactions in OPERA is also shown. Bottom: results of a test on the recognition capability of large angle tracks. 136
Figure 106: Tracking efficiency of the emulsion films in the DONUT experiment. Left: tracks with tan θ ≤ 0.1; right: tracks with 0.1 ≤ tan θ ≤ 0.2. Scan back The about 10 tracks related to a neutrino event have to be selected among more than 10 4 cosmic rays recorded for alignment. This means that ∼ 100 cosmic rays are expected to pass this selection even for a S-UTS efficiency of 99%. This represents the largest fraction of tracks to be followed up. Although it is still an acceptable number, we will attempts to further improve this figure. Since the alignment parameters are not yet known at the moment of scan back, the first few tracks are searched in a wider area of about 400×400 µm 2 . Approximate alignment is performed with these tracks in order to predict the positions of the other tracks well within a microscope view (150 × 120 µm 2 ). Selected tracks are followed upstream until they stop in one of the films. A track is defined as stopping if it is not found in two consecutive films. This algorithm called oxx has been used in the CHORUS Phase 1 analysis and proved to be effective in removing apparent stops due to inefficiencies (dust on the film, bubbles under the objective lens etc.). With this definition, a UTS efficiency of 99% per film leads to ∼ 0.5 fake stops when following 100 tracks through the 56 films of a brick. The wrong connection of base tracks in consecutive films does not represent a problem for CHORUS and DONUT, in which the film track density is at least 100 times higher. It is, henceforth, absolutely negligible in the low track density conditions of OPERA. Vertex confirmation A small area Net Scan (5 × 5 mm 2 and 4 films) is applied around the track stopping point to classify the vertex and to confirm the presence of a neutrino interaction. Reasons for a track to stop are: ν interactions, τ and charged-charm decays, neutral-charm decays, charged secondary-interactions, neutral secondary-interactions, electron-pair creations and low-momentum tracks. Stopping points in the most downstream film are assumed to be due to low momentum tracks and thus are rejected from the vertex 137
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CERN/SPSC 2000-028 SPSC/P318 LNGS P
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N. Bruski, S. Buontempo, F. Carbona
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Contents 1 Introduction 5 1.1 Physi
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6.7.1 Multiple scattering analysis
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1 Introduction In this document we
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eactor experiments (KAMLAND [22], B
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difference being the nature of the
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The total energy of electrons and
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through the decay topology and its
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Figure 6: Simulated ν τ event wit
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particles above 10 MeV . One can se
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vertex position as predicted by the
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• stability and maintenance: no p
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Figure 11: Illustration of the vari
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Table 3: Expected numbers of τ and
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3 The CNGS neutrino beam 3.1 The be
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per year of operation because the S
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ν µ at GS (p.o.t. GeV m 2 ) -1 10
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Figure 19: Generated (continuous li
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Emulsion Film + 56 (Lead + Emulsion
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The mechanical properties of the fi
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Figure 24: Film thickness distribut
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contact at different temperature an
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Figure 27: Photograph of a minimum
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entry : 85 RMS: 0.060 15 10 5 0 0 d
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[micron] 2 1 0 -1 -2 [micron] 2 1 0
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een searching for old emulsion plat
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Figure 33: Thickness distribution f
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Figure 35: RMS distribution of 472
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Figure 37: Wall support structure.
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ensures a well defined brick positi
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Figure 41: Detail of the brick mani
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The strips are 6.7 m long, 2.6 cm w
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the effective maximal length (for p
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Table 7: Characteristics of the 64-
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photomultiplier to be tested diaphr
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modate from 512 up to 5180 fibres.
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The fast shaper has a high gain in
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The Ethernet capable device provide
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R&D already performed by the MINOS
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Figure 54: Isometric view of the di
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Figure 56: Magnetic field distribut
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RPC layout 8.00 m 8.75 m Figure 58:
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formance, it is presently foreseen
Page 89 and 90: Figure 61: Drift plane arrangement
Page 91 and 92: Figure 63: Schematic view of a XPC
Page 93 and 94: Figure 64: Acceleration spectrum fo
Page 95 and 96: Figure 65: The OPERA detector shown
Page 97 and 98: Table 9: Number of electronic chann
Page 99 and 100: Adjustable gain Channel 0 Sample &
Page 101 and 102: Trigger OUT IN Discri. Time Ref. PP
Page 103 and 104: Super Module 1 Super Module 2 Super
Page 105 and 106: 5 Analysis of the electronic detect
Page 107 and 108: Track segments on both the emulsion
Page 109 and 110: 5.5 Brick finding efficiency The se
Page 111 and 112: Wall finding efficiency 1 0.95 0.9
Page 113 and 114: The worst case leading to the lowes
Page 115 and 116: electromagnetic showering events an
Page 117 and 118: Studies on the strategies have star
Page 119 and 120: which may enter in such a compariso
Page 121 and 122: Figure 84: The total brick finding
Page 123 and 124: Figure 86: Charge determination of
Page 125 and 126: Figure 89: Muon momentum resolution
Page 127 and 128: Figure 91: Muon momentum resolution
Page 129 and 130: Reconstructed Pion Energy N Analog
Page 131 and 132: Figure 98: The difference between r
Page 133 and 134: By using the above running modes of
Page 135 and 136: µm EXP.: DONUT 3039/01910 MOD.:ECC
Page 137 and 138: emulsion film plastic foils and edg
Page 139: 200micron base 50micron emulsion la
Page 143 and 144: a base track on film 2 a penetratin
Page 145 and 146: Long decays, defined as a decay top
Page 147 and 148: more than 60 views/s recognising al
Page 149 and 150: Table 12: Basic numbers used to des
Page 151 and 152: an area that one S-UTS can process
Page 153 and 154: unit cell L=1300micron Pb plate ( 1
Page 155 and 156: We recall that the intrinsic positi
Page 157 and 158: Figure 116: The top histograms show
Page 159 and 160: The error on θ S due to both the s
Page 161 and 162: Figure 120: Fraction of pions which
Page 163 and 164: #1 #2 #3 #4 #5 γ γ ∆θ 4= |θ 5
Page 165 and 166: Figure 124: Energy resolution for e
Page 167 and 168: Figure 126: Efficiency for γ’s t
Page 169 and 170: 7 Physics performance 7.1 Electron
Page 171 and 172: 7.2 Muon identification efficiency
Page 173 and 174: Table 13: Muon identification effic
Page 175 and 176: Table 14: Brick finding efficiency
Page 177 and 178: The second result is obtained from
Page 179 and 180: Figure 134: Brick-to-brick connecti
Page 181 and 182: Figure 136: Distribution of τ deca
Page 183 and 184: For long decays the overall efficie
Page 185 and 186: The φ angle is expected to peak at
Page 187 and 188: Table 19: Summary of the kinematica
Page 189 and 190: known. Because of these uncertainti
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Table 21: Expected charm background
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π− e+ γ e- e+ e- γ π− Figur
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Table 24: Estimates of the rate of
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Table 27: Expected numbers of τ an
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Table 28: Sensitivity at the 90% CL
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7.6 Determination of the oscillatio
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measurement of the ratio between ν
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Table 30: Neural network recognitio
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(mrad) 0.04 0.02 0 -0.02 -0.04 10 2
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Table 31: Radioactivity measurement
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ick. There is approximately a facto
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Figure 152: A typical PMT response
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1m π, µ 15 GeV/c mini-walls 1.6 m
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Electrons 1GeV/c 20mm Pb Number of
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tube. An Image Intensifier (II) by
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1 0 0 l = 1 1 .8 m N, p.e. 1 0 1 0
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HPD’s pixels (Fig. 162). The cook
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A complete system has been designed
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The acquisition system (VA-DAQ) use
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The upstream tracker T 1-3 between
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Figure 168: Distributions of the ap
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Figure 169: Example of a large-angl
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multiple scattering, given the smal
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9.1.3 Wall support structures An al
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Nevertheless, the possibility to us
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Figure 174: (a) 3D view of the spec
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9 p.e. and 6.9 p.e. at a distance f
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Figure 176: Neutrino induced charm
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A test programme for emulsion brick
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The space requirements in the exper
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advance. The sets of scintillator s
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Task Name Start Finish Study of mai
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11 Experimental infrastructure 11.1
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After the exposure to cosmic rays,
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on the size of these stations. A co
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Table 38: Expected contributions to
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the developed emulsions and to stan
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As the sensitivity is not limited b
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[26] M. Apollonio et al., Phys. Let
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[89] http : //tosca.web.cern.ch/T O
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