Experiment Proposal - opera - Infn

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photodetectors fibers Horizontal strips Vertical strips Figure 173: Schematics of the scintillator strips readout in the spectrometer. They can be mounted inside a 3 cm gap leaving space for the fixation system. The overall length of one magnet is 102 cm. The spectrometer consists of two magnets. Its overall volume is 7.5 × 7.5 × 3.1 m 3 and its weight 400 ton (Fig. 174). The steel plates are similar in size and magnetic requirements to those foreseen for MINOS, except for their circular shape. Extensive use has been made of the information available from the MINOS Technical Design [38] and the published NuMi notes. A carbon content in the steel plates in the range 0.04−0.06% has been found adequate for the BABAR return yoke [94] and for the MINOS magnets [38]. Plates of up to 3.75 m wide and 3 cm thick with no practical limitation in length can be produced by industry. Therefore, each steel plate could in principle be constructed by cutting and assembling together two 3.75 m wide and 3 cm thick plates. The total weight of a steel plate is 11 ton, giving 187 ton per magnet. Other assembly schemes are being studied. One can envisage the use of two layers made of 1.5 cm thick plates. The plates in one layer are perpendicular to those in the other layer. This criss-cross pattern could improve the flatness and result in an easier construction while ensuring an equally good rigidity to the assembly. Various magnet suspension methods are being considered. In the MINOS design, magnets hang on support rails by extension ears placed above their centre of gravity and stabilised in position by axial restraints. This design is attractive in terms of mechanical stability and accuracy in positioning. The suspension has to be studied in relation to anti-seismic specifications. 236
Figure 174: (a) 3D view of the spectrometer showing the two toroidal magnets (each made of 17 circular iron plates of 3 cm thickness) the magnet coil, the upstream and middle X and Y Precision Trackers (drift tubes) and the upstream RPC plane. For clarity, a cut is made through the middle tracker and the downstream magnet. The downstream Precision Tracker and the Inner Trackers are not shown. (b) 2D longitudinal view showing all the Precision Trackers. 237
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CERN/SPSC 2000-028 SPSC/P318 LNGS P
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N. Bruski, S. Buontempo, F. Carbona
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Contents 1 Introduction 5 1.1 Physi
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6.7.1 Multiple scattering analysis
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1 Introduction In this document we
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eactor experiments (KAMLAND [22], B
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difference being the nature of the
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The total energy of electrons and
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through the decay topology and its
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Figure 6: Simulated ν τ event wit
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particles above 10 MeV . One can se
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vertex position as predicted by the
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• stability and maintenance: no p
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Figure 11: Illustration of the vari
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Table 3: Expected numbers of τ and
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3 The CNGS neutrino beam 3.1 The be
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per year of operation because the S
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ν µ at GS (p.o.t. GeV m 2 ) -1 10
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Figure 19: Generated (continuous li
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Emulsion Film + 56 (Lead + Emulsion
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The mechanical properties of the fi
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Figure 24: Film thickness distribut
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contact at different temperature an
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Figure 27: Photograph of a minimum
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entry : 85 RMS: 0.060 15 10 5 0 0 d
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[micron] 2 1 0 -1 -2 [micron] 2 1 0
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een searching for old emulsion plat
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Figure 33: Thickness distribution f
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Figure 35: RMS distribution of 472
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Figure 37: Wall support structure.
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ensures a well defined brick positi
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Figure 41: Detail of the brick mani
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The strips are 6.7 m long, 2.6 cm w
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the effective maximal length (for p
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Table 7: Characteristics of the 64-
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photomultiplier to be tested diaphr
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modate from 512 up to 5180 fibres.
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The fast shaper has a high gain in
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The Ethernet capable device provide
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R&D already performed by the MINOS
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Figure 54: Isometric view of the di
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Figure 56: Magnetic field distribut
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RPC layout 8.00 m 8.75 m Figure 58:
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formance, it is presently foreseen
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Figure 61: Drift plane arrangement
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Figure 63: Schematic view of a XPC
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Figure 64: Acceleration spectrum fo
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Figure 65: The OPERA detector shown
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Table 9: Number of electronic chann
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Adjustable gain Channel 0 Sample &
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Trigger OUT IN Discri. Time Ref. PP
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Super Module 1 Super Module 2 Super
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5 Analysis of the electronic detect
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Track segments on both the emulsion
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5.5 Brick finding efficiency The se
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Wall finding efficiency 1 0.95 0.9
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The worst case leading to the lowes
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electromagnetic showering events an
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Studies on the strategies have star
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which may enter in such a compariso
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Figure 84: The total brick finding
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Figure 86: Charge determination of
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Figure 89: Muon momentum resolution
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Figure 91: Muon momentum resolution
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Reconstructed Pion Energy N Analog
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Figure 98: The difference between r
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By using the above running modes of
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µm EXP.: DONUT 3039/01910 MOD.:ECC
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emulsion film plastic foils and edg
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200micron base 50micron emulsion la
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Figure 106: Tracking efficiency of
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a base track on film 2 a penetratin
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Long decays, defined as a decay top
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more than 60 views/s recognising al
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Table 12: Basic numbers used to des
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an area that one S-UTS can process
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unit cell L=1300micron Pb plate ( 1
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We recall that the intrinsic positi
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Figure 116: The top histograms show
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The error on θ S due to both the s
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Figure 120: Fraction of pions which
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#1 #2 #3 #4 #5 γ γ ∆θ 4= |θ 5
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Figure 124: Energy resolution for e
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Figure 126: Efficiency for γ’s t
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7 Physics performance 7.1 Electron
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7.2 Muon identification efficiency
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Table 13: Muon identification effic
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Table 14: Brick finding efficiency
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The second result is obtained from
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Figure 134: Brick-to-brick connecti
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Figure 136: Distribution of τ deca
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For long decays the overall efficie
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The φ angle is expected to peak at
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Table 19: Summary of the kinematica
Page 189 and 190: known. Because of these uncertainti
Page 191 and 192: Table 21: Expected charm background
Page 193 and 194: π− e+ γ e- e+ e- γ π− Figur
Page 195 and 196: Table 24: Estimates of the rate of
Page 197 and 198: Table 27: Expected numbers of τ an
Page 199 and 200: Table 28: Sensitivity at the 90% CL
Page 201 and 202: 7.6 Determination of the oscillatio
Page 203 and 204: measurement of the ratio between ν
Page 205 and 206: Table 30: Neural network recognitio
Page 207 and 208: (mrad) 0.04 0.02 0 -0.02 -0.04 10 2
Page 209 and 210: Table 31: Radioactivity measurement
Page 211 and 212: ick. There is approximately a facto
Page 213 and 214: Figure 152: A typical PMT response
Page 215 and 216: 1m π, µ 15 GeV/c mini-walls 1.6 m
Page 217 and 218: Electrons 1GeV/c 20mm Pb Number of
Page 219 and 220: tube. An Image Intensifier (II) by
Page 221 and 222: 1 0 0 l = 1 1 .8 m N, p.e. 1 0 1 0
Page 223 and 224: HPD’s pixels (Fig. 162). The cook
Page 225 and 226: A complete system has been designed
Page 227 and 228: The acquisition system (VA-DAQ) use
Page 229 and 230: The upstream tracker T 1-3 between
Page 231 and 232: Figure 168: Distributions of the ap
Page 233 and 234: Figure 169: Example of a large-angl
Page 235 and 236: multiple scattering, given the smal
Page 237 and 238: 9.1.3 Wall support structures An al
Page 239: Nevertheless, the possibility to us
Page 243 and 244: 9 p.e. and 6.9 p.e. at a distance f
Page 245 and 246: Figure 176: Neutrino induced charm
Page 247 and 248: A test programme for emulsion brick
Page 249 and 250: The space requirements in the exper
Page 251 and 252: advance. The sets of scintillator s
Page 253 and 254: Task Name Start Finish Study of mai
Page 255 and 256: 11 Experimental infrastructure 11.1
Page 257 and 258: After the exposure to cosmic rays,
Page 259 and 260: on the size of these stations. A co
Page 261 and 262: Table 38: Expected contributions to
Page 263 and 264: the developed emulsions and to stan
Page 265 and 266: As the sensitivity is not limited b
Page 267 and 268: [26] M. Apollonio et al., Phys. Let
Page 269: [89] http : //tosca.web.cern.ch/T O
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