Experiment Proposal - opera - Infn

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Figure 127: A π 0 → 2γ decay observed in a test experiment using a 8 GeV/c pion beam. The track of an interacting π disappears after traversing three emulsion films. Two electromagnetic showers are initiated 2 and 3 films downstream of the π interaction point, respectively. The measured invariant mass of the two γ’s is (157 ± 24) MeV/c 2 . 164
7 Physics performance 7.1 Electron identification efficiency A method for electron identification has been presented in Section 6.7. The performance of the algorithm was studied by simulated electrons and pions with energy in the range from 1 GeV to 11 GeV with a distribution of the longitudinal vertex position in the brick according to the material distribution. The vertex position in the transverse plane is at the centre of the brick. Edge effects in the transverse plane have been studied separately. Figure 128: Efficiency and misidentification probability averaged over the longitudinal brick thickness for pions (full circles) and electrons (open circles) as a function of the energy. Fig. 128 shows the efficiency for correct identification of electrons and pions as well as the misidentification probability, averaged over the longitudinal brick thickness. In Fig. 129 these quantities are given for 1 GeV and 11 GeV electrons as a function of the longitudinal position of the vertex in the brick. A few X 0 are adequate for electron identification. The total length of the tracks in an electromagnetic shower is proportional to the energy of the parent particle. Therefore, by counting the number of segments inside the cone defined in Section 6.7.2 it is possible to measure the energy of the electron. Monte Carlo simulations show that for electrons with energy below 1 GeV the energy resolution is ∆E/E = 30%, while for higher energies one obtains ∆E/E = 20%. 165
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CERN/SPSC 2000-028 SPSC/P318 LNGS P
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N. Bruski, S. Buontempo, F. Carbona
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Contents 1 Introduction 5 1.1 Physi
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6.7.1 Multiple scattering analysis
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1 Introduction In this document we
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eactor experiments (KAMLAND [22], B
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difference being the nature of the
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The total energy of electrons and
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through the decay topology and its
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Figure 6: Simulated ν τ event wit
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particles above 10 MeV . One can se
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vertex position as predicted by the
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• stability and maintenance: no p
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Figure 11: Illustration of the vari
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Table 3: Expected numbers of τ and
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3 The CNGS neutrino beam 3.1 The be
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per year of operation because the S
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ν µ at GS (p.o.t. GeV m 2 ) -1 10
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Figure 19: Generated (continuous li
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Emulsion Film + 56 (Lead + Emulsion
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The mechanical properties of the fi
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Figure 24: Film thickness distribut
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contact at different temperature an
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Figure 27: Photograph of a minimum
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entry : 85 RMS: 0.060 15 10 5 0 0 d
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[micron] 2 1 0 -1 -2 [micron] 2 1 0
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een searching for old emulsion plat
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Figure 33: Thickness distribution f
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Figure 35: RMS distribution of 472
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Figure 37: Wall support structure.
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ensures a well defined brick positi
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Figure 41: Detail of the brick mani
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The strips are 6.7 m long, 2.6 cm w
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the effective maximal length (for p
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Table 7: Characteristics of the 64-
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photomultiplier to be tested diaphr
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modate from 512 up to 5180 fibres.
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The fast shaper has a high gain in
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The Ethernet capable device provide
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R&D already performed by the MINOS
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Figure 54: Isometric view of the di
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Figure 56: Magnetic field distribut
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RPC layout 8.00 m 8.75 m Figure 58:
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formance, it is presently foreseen
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Figure 61: Drift plane arrangement
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Figure 63: Schematic view of a XPC
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Figure 64: Acceleration spectrum fo
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Figure 65: The OPERA detector shown
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Table 9: Number of electronic chann
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Adjustable gain Channel 0 Sample &
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Trigger OUT IN Discri. Time Ref. PP
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Super Module 1 Super Module 2 Super
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5 Analysis of the electronic detect
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Track segments on both the emulsion
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5.5 Brick finding efficiency The se
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Wall finding efficiency 1 0.95 0.9
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The worst case leading to the lowes
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electromagnetic showering events an
Page 117 and 118: Studies on the strategies have star
Page 119 and 120: which may enter in such a compariso
Page 121 and 122: Figure 84: The total brick finding
Page 123 and 124: Figure 86: Charge determination of
Page 125 and 126: Figure 89: Muon momentum resolution
Page 127 and 128: Figure 91: Muon momentum resolution
Page 129 and 130: Reconstructed Pion Energy N Analog
Page 131 and 132: Figure 98: The difference between r
Page 133 and 134: By using the above running modes of
Page 135 and 136: µm EXP.: DONUT 3039/01910 MOD.:ECC
Page 137 and 138: emulsion film plastic foils and edg
Page 139 and 140: 200micron base 50micron emulsion la
Page 141 and 142: Figure 106: Tracking efficiency of
Page 143 and 144: a base track on film 2 a penetratin
Page 145 and 146: Long decays, defined as a decay top
Page 147 and 148: more than 60 views/s recognising al
Page 149 and 150: Table 12: Basic numbers used to des
Page 151 and 152: an area that one S-UTS can process
Page 153 and 154: unit cell L=1300micron Pb plate ( 1
Page 155 and 156: We recall that the intrinsic positi
Page 157 and 158: Figure 116: The top histograms show
Page 159 and 160: The error on θ S due to both the s
Page 161 and 162: Figure 120: Fraction of pions which
Page 163 and 164: #1 #2 #3 #4 #5 γ γ ∆θ 4= |θ 5
Page 165 and 166: Figure 124: Energy resolution for e
Page 167: Figure 126: Efficiency for γ’s t
Page 171 and 172: 7.2 Muon identification efficiency
Page 173 and 174: Table 13: Muon identification effic
Page 175 and 176: Table 14: Brick finding efficiency
Page 177 and 178: The second result is obtained from
Page 179 and 180: Figure 134: Brick-to-brick connecti
Page 181 and 182: Figure 136: Distribution of τ deca
Page 183 and 184: For long decays the overall efficie
Page 185 and 186: The φ angle is expected to peak at
Page 187 and 188: Table 19: Summary of the kinematica
Page 189 and 190: known. Because of these uncertainti
Page 191 and 192: Table 21: Expected charm background
Page 193 and 194: π− e+ γ e- e+ e- γ π− Figur
Page 195 and 196: Table 24: Estimates of the rate of
Page 197 and 198: Table 27: Expected numbers of τ an
Page 199 and 200: Table 28: Sensitivity at the 90% CL
Page 201 and 202: 7.6 Determination of the oscillatio
Page 203 and 204: measurement of the ratio between ν
Page 205 and 206: Table 30: Neural network recognitio
Page 207 and 208: (mrad) 0.04 0.02 0 -0.02 -0.04 10 2
Page 209 and 210: Table 31: Radioactivity measurement
Page 211 and 212: ick. There is approximately a facto
Page 213 and 214: Figure 152: A typical PMT response
Page 215 and 216: 1m π, µ 15 GeV/c mini-walls 1.6 m
Page 217 and 218: Electrons 1GeV/c 20mm Pb Number of
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tube. An Image Intensifier (II) by
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1 0 0 l = 1 1 .8 m N, p.e. 1 0 1 0
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HPD’s pixels (Fig. 162). The cook
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A complete system has been designed
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The acquisition system (VA-DAQ) use
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The upstream tracker T 1-3 between
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Figure 168: Distributions of the ap
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Figure 169: Example of a large-angl
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multiple scattering, given the smal
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9.1.3 Wall support structures An al
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Nevertheless, the possibility to us
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Figure 174: (a) 3D view of the spec
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9 p.e. and 6.9 p.e. at a distance f
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Figure 176: Neutrino induced charm
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A test programme for emulsion brick
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The space requirements in the exper
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advance. The sets of scintillator s
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Task Name Start Finish Study of mai
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11 Experimental infrastructure 11.1
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After the exposure to cosmic rays,
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on the size of these stations. A co
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Table 38: Expected contributions to
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the developed emulsions and to stan
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As the sensitivity is not limited b
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[26] M. Apollonio et al., Phys. Let
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[89] http : //tosca.web.cern.ch/T O
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