Experiment Proposal - opera - Infn

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1 H.V. (V) 6000 6500 7000 7500 8000 8500 9000 Efficiency 0,9 0,8 0,7 60/ 20/ 20 60/ 30/ 10 0,6 0,5 0,4 60/ 10/ 30 0,3 Time Resolution (ns) 8 6 4 2 60/ 10/ 30 60/ 20/ 20 60/ 30/ 10 0 Single Rate (kHz/m**2) 1 0,8 0,6 0,4 0,2 0 60/ 10/ 30 60/ 30/ 10 60/ 20/ 20 Strip Multiplicity 1,25 1,2 1,15 1,1 1,05 1 60/ 20/ 20 60/ 10/ 30 60/ 30/ 10 6000 6500 7000 7500 8000 8500 9000 H.V. (V) a Figure 59: Influence of the gas properties on the RPC performance [68]. 82
formance, it is presently foreseen not to recirculate the gas in close circuit but to recuperate it with a balloon system and send it back to the gas company. Each plane of RPC is serially fed by 7 parallel lines, each line serving the 4 horizontal chambers in order to have a uniform impedence. With the present choice of the gas mixture the <strong>opera</strong>ting voltage of the RPC’s is about 8 kV . The current drawn has been measured to be 5 µA/m 2 and is permanently monitored for each chamber. The RPC front end electronics is rather simple since the signal pulses are large (100 mV ) and no preamplification is needed. Only a digital readout is foreseen. The excellent timing properties of the RPC allow also to form a clock signal for the Precision Trackers. Such an electronic card is already used in the BABAR experiment [63] to readout RPC’s (2500 m 2 ) very similar to those foreseen for OPERA. A draft overview of the RPC data acquisition system for a plane is shown in Fig. 60. The whole plane is read out with 8+932-channelfrontendcardslinkedonanacquisitioncardinadaisychainmode. For each trigger (provided by a fast OR of the plane’s signals, in coincidence with the adjacent planes) the acquisition card performs a simple formating of the data and adds the timestamp of the event, given by the Global Position System (GPS) through the Pulse Per Second (PPS) clock. The interface of the acquisition card can be either a serial link, a direct Ethernet connection or a VME bus. Connection of the strips to the boards makes use of twisted and flat cables. The quality of the cables to preserve the timing accuracy of the signal is still to be studied. Figure 60: Scheme of the RPC front end electronics and DAQ. 83
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CERN/SPSC 2000-028 SPSC/P318 LNGS P
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N. Bruski, S. Buontempo, F. Carbona
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Contents 1 Introduction 5 1.1 Physi
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6.7.1 Multiple scattering analysis
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1 Introduction In this document we
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eactor experiments (KAMLAND [22], B
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difference being the nature of the
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The total energy of electrons and
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through the decay topology and its
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Figure 6: Simulated ν τ event wit
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particles above 10 MeV . One can se
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vertex position as predicted by the
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• stability and maintenance: no p
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Figure 11: Illustration of the vari
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Table 3: Expected numbers of τ and
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3 The CNGS neutrino beam 3.1 The be
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per year of operation because the S
Page 35 and 36: ν µ at GS (p.o.t. GeV m 2 ) -1 10
Page 37 and 38: Figure 19: Generated (continuous li
Page 39 and 40: Emulsion Film + 56 (Lead + Emulsion
Page 41 and 42: The mechanical properties of the fi
Page 43 and 44: Figure 24: Film thickness distribut
Page 45 and 46: contact at different temperature an
Page 47 and 48: Figure 27: Photograph of a minimum
Page 49 and 50: entry : 85 RMS: 0.060 15 10 5 0 0 d
Page 51 and 52: [micron] 2 1 0 -1 -2 [micron] 2 1 0
Page 53 and 54: een searching for old emulsion plat
Page 55 and 56: Figure 33: Thickness distribution f
Page 57 and 58: Figure 35: RMS distribution of 472
Page 59 and 60: Figure 37: Wall support structure.
Page 61 and 62: ensures a well defined brick positi
Page 63 and 64: Figure 41: Detail of the brick mani
Page 65 and 66: The strips are 6.7 m long, 2.6 cm w
Page 67 and 68: the effective maximal length (for p
Page 69 and 70: Table 7: Characteristics of the 64-
Page 71 and 72: photomultiplier to be tested diaphr
Page 73 and 74: modate from 512 up to 5180 fibres.
Page 75 and 76: The fast shaper has a high gain in
Page 77 and 78: The Ethernet capable device provide
Page 79 and 80: R&D already performed by the MINOS
Page 81 and 82: Figure 54: Isometric view of the di
Page 83 and 84: Figure 56: Magnetic field distribut
Page 85: RPC layout 8.00 m 8.75 m Figure 58:
Page 89 and 90: Figure 61: Drift plane arrangement
Page 91 and 92: Figure 63: Schematic view of a XPC
Page 93 and 94: Figure 64: Acceleration spectrum fo
Page 95 and 96: Figure 65: The OPERA detector shown
Page 97 and 98: Table 9: Number of electronic chann
Page 99 and 100: Adjustable gain Channel 0 Sample &
Page 101 and 102: Trigger OUT IN Discri. Time Ref. PP
Page 103 and 104: Super Module 1 Super Module 2 Super
Page 105 and 106: 5 Analysis of the electronic detect
Page 107 and 108: Track segments on both the emulsion
Page 109 and 110: 5.5 Brick finding efficiency The se
Page 111 and 112: Wall finding efficiency 1 0.95 0.9
Page 113 and 114: The worst case leading to the lowes
Page 115 and 116: electromagnetic showering events an
Page 117 and 118: Studies on the strategies have star
Page 119 and 120: which may enter in such a compariso
Page 121 and 122: Figure 84: The total brick finding
Page 123 and 124: Figure 86: Charge determination of
Page 125 and 126: Figure 89: Muon momentum resolution
Page 127 and 128: Figure 91: Muon momentum resolution
Page 129 and 130: Reconstructed Pion Energy N Analog
Page 131 and 132: Figure 98: The difference between r
Page 133 and 134: By using the above running modes of
Page 135 and 136: µm EXP.: DONUT 3039/01910 MOD.:ECC
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emulsion film plastic foils and edg
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200micron base 50micron emulsion la
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Figure 106: Tracking efficiency of
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a base track on film 2 a penetratin
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Long decays, defined as a decay top
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more than 60 views/s recognising al
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Table 12: Basic numbers used to des
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an area that one S-UTS can process
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unit cell L=1300micron Pb plate ( 1
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We recall that the intrinsic positi
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Figure 116: The top histograms show
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The error on θ S due to both the s
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Figure 120: Fraction of pions which
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#1 #2 #3 #4 #5 γ γ ∆θ 4= |θ 5
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Figure 124: Energy resolution for e
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Figure 126: Efficiency for γ’s t
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7 Physics performance 7.1 Electron
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7.2 Muon identification efficiency
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Table 13: Muon identification effic
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Table 14: Brick finding efficiency
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The second result is obtained from
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Figure 134: Brick-to-brick connecti
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Figure 136: Distribution of τ deca
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For long decays the overall efficie
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The φ angle is expected to peak at
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Table 19: Summary of the kinematica
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known. Because of these uncertainti
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Table 21: Expected charm background
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π− e+ γ e- e+ e- γ π− Figur
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Table 24: Estimates of the rate of
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Table 27: Expected numbers of τ an
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Table 28: Sensitivity at the 90% CL
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7.6 Determination of the oscillatio
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measurement of the ratio between ν
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Table 30: Neural network recognitio
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(mrad) 0.04 0.02 0 -0.02 -0.04 10 2
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Table 31: Radioactivity measurement
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ick. There is approximately a facto
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Figure 152: A typical PMT response
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1m π, µ 15 GeV/c mini-walls 1.6 m
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Electrons 1GeV/c 20mm Pb Number of
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tube. An Image Intensifier (II) by
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1 0 0 l = 1 1 .8 m N, p.e. 1 0 1 0
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HPD’s pixels (Fig. 162). The cook
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A complete system has been designed
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The acquisition system (VA-DAQ) use
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The upstream tracker T 1-3 between
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Figure 168: Distributions of the ap
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Figure 169: Example of a large-angl
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multiple scattering, given the smal
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9.1.3 Wall support structures An al
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Nevertheless, the possibility to us
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Figure 174: (a) 3D view of the spec
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9 p.e. and 6.9 p.e. at a distance f
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Figure 176: Neutrino induced charm
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A test programme for emulsion brick
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The space requirements in the exper
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advance. The sets of scintillator s
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Task Name Start Finish Study of mai
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11 Experimental infrastructure 11.1
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After the exposure to cosmic rays,
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on the size of these stations. A co
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Table 38: Expected contributions to
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the developed emulsions and to stan
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As the sensitivity is not limited b
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[26] M. Apollonio et al., Phys. Let
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[89] http : //tosca.web.cern.ch/T O
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