Introduction to the Apache Web Server - ApacheCon

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He wrote the CERN web server, and the www client software, terming it a “browser”. 1.1.3 NCSA In 1992 or thereabouts, a project started at NCSA (The National Center for Supercomputing Activities) at UIUC (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign to develop a graphical web browser, which was codenamed “Mosaic”, although the name “Mozilla” was also used. As part of that project, the NCSA HTTPd was also written. Mosaic was not the first graphical web browser, as has sometimes been claimed since then, but it quickly became the most popular. You can read more about this at http://www.webhistory.org/www.lists/www-talk.1993q1/0262.html Rob McCool was the primary author of the NCSA NTTPd code, and his name still appears in the default httpd.conf file. 1.1.4 Netscape In 1995, Mosaic Communications, quickly renamed to Netscape Communications, was founded taking most of the programming talent from the NCSA HTTPd project This left a void for those web sites which were running the NCSA software, particularly in a growing economy where people had come to rely on their web sites. 1.2 Apache The Apache project was started simply as a place to collect patches for the NCSA HTTPd. The original “Apache Group” consisted of 8 guys who wanted to add functionality to, and fix problems with, the existing HTTPd code. • Brian Behlendorf • Roy T. Fielding • Rob Hartill • David Robinson • Cliff Skolnick • Randy Terbush • Robert S. Thau • Andrew Wilson 2
The name “Apache” was, apparently, picked by Ben Laurie out of respect for the Apache people. 1 The other form of this story is that Apache is simply another way of saying that it was “A Patchy” server. See also http://httpd.apache.org/ABOUT\_APACHE.html and http://www.geocrawler.com/mail/thread.php3?subject=name&list=417 Randy Terbush wrote the Apache Software License, based on the BSD Software License, ensuring that the software will be free and open. • C2.net donates server space for Apache.org • April 1995 - Apache 0.6.2 released • December 1995 - Apache 1.0, a complete rewrite, released. – Main advance here is modularization of code. – Project codenamed ”Shambala” – Robert Thau main developer of this code – Same basic code base in use today in 1.3.x • 1997 - Open/Free software goes mainstream – 1997 - The Cathedral and The Bazaar – Apache deal with IBM - Apache forms codebase for WebSphere – Apache Software Foundation formed – Revision of License to be more palatable to IBM - Advertising clause removed – 1997 - Apache 1.3 released, with Windows support • May 2000 - Apachecon Orlando - Apache 2.0 alpha released • October 2000 - ApacheCon Europe - Douglas Adams speaks, one of his final speaking ops before he suddenly died. • April 2001 - ApacheCon Santa Clara - Apache 2.0 initial beta release • April 2002 - Apache 2.0.35 releases as GA (General Availability). 2.0.36 follows shortly after with some important fixes. • May 2002 - Apache 1.3 enters maintenance mode (No new features, just bug fixes and documentation updates). • http://uptime.netcraft.com/up/today/top.avg.html 1.3 The Apache Software Foundation The ASF was formed for a number of reasons. The catalyst was the IBM deal, and their desire to deal with an actual legal entity. However, the impact of creating the ASF was rather larger than that. The goals of the ASF are: 1 I recommend reading Chasing Shadows by Shelley Ann Bowen Hatfieid (no relation) about the Apache people. http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/asin/0826318533 3
Page 1: Introduction to the Apache Web Serv
Page 4 and 5: 3.1 Apache process architecture . .
Page 6 and 7: 8.3 Alias . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Page 8 and 9: 13 SSI 75 13.1 Configuration for SS
Page 10 and 11: 16.5 Typical errors . . . . . . . .
Page 12 and 13: 19.8 Modules . . . . . . . . . . .
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Page 18 and 19: • provide a foundation for open,
Page 20 and 21: This is a good point to encourage d
Page 22 and 23: • htdocs • icons Show the stude
Page 24 and 25: ./configure --help ./configure --pr
Page 26 and 27: 2.6 apxs apxs is a Perl utility for
Page 28 and 29: The “correct” value for these d
Page 30 and 31: • Some modules, like mod php, don
Page 32 and 33: • help apachectl symlink You may
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Page 37 and 38: directory - Can be used in a secti
Page 39 and 40: httpd -DUSESSL Then you could add a
Page 41 and 42: Section 5 .htaccess files 5.1 Confi
Page 43: 5.3 Exercise Create .htaccess file
Page 46 and 47: ServerName www.foo.com DocumentRoot
Page 48 and 49: 3. Verify that they are serving con
Page 51 and 52: Section 7 MIME http://httpd.apache.
Page 53 and 54: AddType application/x-tar tgz Note
Page 55 and 56: 7.4.3 mod gzip More will be said ab
Page 57 and 58: Section 8 URL Mapping http://httpd.
Page 59 and 60: Equivalent to ... Alias /cgi-bin/ /
Page 61 and 62: Then /cgi-bin/404.cgi will look lik
Page 63 and 64: ----------------------------- The
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9.2 Negotiation Methods 9.2.1 Multi
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Note, however, that CacheNegotiated
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10.3 IndexOptions The arguments to
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10.4 Additional directives In addit
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Section 11 Performance Tuning http:
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11.5 Tuning configuration settings
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11.5.6 mod mmap static Map static f
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- JSP - etc, etc, etc • Each addr
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#!/usr/bin/perl use CGI; my $cgi =
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Section 13 SSI http://httpd.apache.
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SSIStartTag "" 13.4 SSI directives
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Most commonly, include is used to i
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SetHandler Much like the AddHandler
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advertising a page that has moved,
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AddHandler type-map .var 14.1.3 Cus
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AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE text/
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15.4 Configuration 15.4.1 PerlRequi
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Wow. 15.6.2 Apache::Registry If you
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15.8.2 Installing the example mod p
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package Acme::Apache::Werewolf; use
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• "GET / HTTP/1.0" Request - Meth
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16.4 Exercises 1. Construct a log f
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• Precisely how many visitors •
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16.9.2 rotatelogs CustomLog "|/usr/
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• Set configuration to use this f
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• mod auth nds (Netware Directory
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110
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• etc • Also, names like ’ema
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19.2 File permissions The overridin
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19.2.6 public html If users have we
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19.3.3 ServerSignature Automaticall
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* Don’t put important things in t
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19.10 mod security http://www.modse
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126
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20.3 Certificates • Generate a ke
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130
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21.1.2 Apache 2.0 modules: [access
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21.6 mod auth Name mod auth On by d
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21.13 mod cgi Name mod cgi On by de
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21.21 mod include Name mod include
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Mapping files into memory to improv
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21.35 mod status Name mod status On
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To enable DAV in a particular direc
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23.2 Proxying The proxy part lets y
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