Introduction to the Apache Web Server - ApacheCon

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8.3 Alias . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 8.4 ScriptAlias . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 8.5 AliasMatch and ScriptAliasMatch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 8.6 Regular Expressions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 8.7 Redirect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 8.8 RedirectMatch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 8.9 RedirectTemp and RedirectPermanent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 8.10 DocumentRoot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 8.11 Error documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 8.12 Error documents in Apache 2.0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 8.13 Other modules that handler URL mapping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 8.13.1 mod speling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 8.13.2 mod rewrite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 8.13.3 mod userdir and public html . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 9 Content Negotiation 53 9.1 Client configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 9.1.1 Accept* headers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 9.1.2 Quality factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 9.2 Negotiation Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 9.2.1 MultiViews . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 9.2.2 Type map files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 9.3 Caching . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 10 Indexing with mod autoindex 57 10.1 Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 10.2 DirectoryIndex . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 10.3 IndexOptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 10.4 Additional directives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 10.4.1 HeaderName . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 vi
10.4.2 ReadmeName . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 10.4.3 IndexIgnore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 10.5 Searching and sorting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 10.5.1 Apache 1.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 10.5.2 Apache 2.0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 10.6 Security Concerns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 11 Performance Tuning 63 11.1 Optimization, benchmarking and profiling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 11.2 ab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 11.3 Perl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 11.4 Optimizing hardware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 11.5 Tuning configuration settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 11.5.1 HostnameLookups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 11.5.2 Symbolic links . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 11.5.3 .htaccess files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 11.5.4 Negotiation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 11.5.5 Caching and proxying . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 11.5.6 mod mmap static . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 11.6 Process Creation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 11.6.1 MaxRequestsPerChild . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 11.7 KeepAlive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 11.8 CGI/Other dynamic content . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 12 CGI programming 69 12.1 Introduction - The CGI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 12.2 Apache configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 12.3 How a CGI program works . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 12.4 Common problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 vii
Page 1: Introduction to the Apache Web Serv
Page 4 and 5: 3.1 Apache process architecture . .
Page 8 and 9: 13 SSI 75 13.1 Configuration for SS
Page 10 and 11: 16.5 Typical errors . . . . . . . .
Page 12 and 13: 19.8 Modules . . . . . . . . . . .
Page 14 and 15: 23.1 Caching . . . . . . . . . . .
Page 16 and 17: He wrote the CERN web server, and t
Page 18 and 19: • provide a foundation for open,
Page 20 and 21: This is a good point to encourage d
Page 22 and 23: • htdocs • icons Show the stude
Page 24 and 25: ./configure --help ./configure --pr
Page 26 and 27: 2.6 apxs apxs is a Perl utility for
Page 28 and 29: The “correct” value for these d
Page 30 and 31: • Some modules, like mod php, don
Page 32 and 33: • help apachectl symlink You may
Page 35 and 36: Section 4 Configuration files http:
Page 37 and 38: directory - Can be used in a secti
Page 39 and 40: httpd -DUSESSL Then you could add a
Page 41 and 42: Section 5 .htaccess files 5.1 Confi
Page 43: 5.3 Exercise Create .htaccess file
Page 46 and 47: ServerName www.foo.com DocumentRoot
Page 48 and 49: 3. Verify that they are serving con
Page 51 and 52: Section 7 MIME http://httpd.apache.
Page 53 and 54: AddType application/x-tar tgz Note
Page 55 and 56: 7.4.3 mod gzip More will be said ab
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Section 8 URL Mapping http://httpd.
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Equivalent to ... Alias /cgi-bin/ /
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Then /cgi-bin/404.cgi will look lik
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----------------------------- The
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UserDir disabled UserDir enabled rb
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9.2 Negotiation Methods 9.2.1 Multi
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Note, however, that CacheNegotiated
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10.3 IndexOptions The arguments to
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10.4 Additional directives In addit
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Section 11 Performance Tuning http:
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11.5 Tuning configuration settings
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11.5.6 mod mmap static Map static f
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- JSP - etc, etc, etc • Each addr
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#!/usr/bin/perl use CGI; my $cgi =
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Section 13 SSI http://httpd.apache.
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SSIStartTag "" 13.4 SSI directives
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Most commonly, include is used to i
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SetHandler Much like the AddHandler
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advertising a page that has moved,
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AddHandler type-map .var 14.1.3 Cus
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AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE text/
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15.4 Configuration 15.4.1 PerlRequi
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Wow. 15.6.2 Apache::Registry If you
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15.8.2 Installing the example mod p
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package Acme::Apache::Werewolf; use
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• "GET / HTTP/1.0" Request - Meth
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16.4 Exercises 1. Construct a log f
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• Precisely how many visitors •
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16.9.2 rotatelogs CustomLog "|/usr/
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• Set configuration to use this f
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• mod auth nds (Netware Directory
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110
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• etc • Also, names like ’ema
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114
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19.2 File permissions The overridin
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19.2.6 public html If users have we
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19.3.3 ServerSignature Automaticall
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* Don’t put important things in t
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19.10 mod security http://www.modse
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126
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20.3 Certificates • Generate a ke
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130
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21.1.2 Apache 2.0 modules: [access
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21.6 mod auth Name mod auth On by d
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21.13 mod cgi Name mod cgi On by de
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21.21 mod include Name mod include
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Mapping files into memory to improv
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21.35 mod status Name mod status On
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To enable DAV in a particular direc
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23.2 Proxying The proxy part lets y
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