Introduction to the Apache Web Server - ApacheCon

More documents

Recommendations

Info

This is a good point to encourage discussion of package management systems, particularly if your students are already fond of a particular unix distribution that is tied to a package management system. The arguments for installing from source seem rather weak when weighed against the convenience of a package management system. However, there are times when it is necessary to install from source, and so it is useful to know how to do it. Get source from http://httpd.apache.org Latest releases are 1.3.33 and 2.0.52. 2.1 is in development, and there is not yet a downloadable packaged version of it. The site is mirrored around the world, and downloading Apache from a mirror site is of great benefit to the ASF, financially. Our monthly bandwidth bill is astronomical. Next, you really need to verify the distribution using the MD5 sum, and, if possible, the PGP signature that are available from the site. However, you should get these from the official Apache site, rather than the mirror site. The rationale here is that if the distro was compromised, the signature files probably were also. Verify the distribution There are two ways to verify the distribution. The MD5 sum can be used as follows: md5sum httpd 2.0.52.tar.gz Verify that the output of that command matches the contents of the .md5 file. Note that the md5sum utility is just called md5 on some Unixes. To verify the pgp signature, you will need to first import the keyring from the Apache site: Download http://www.apache.org/dist/httpd/KEYS: wget http://www.apache.org/dist/httpd/KEYS gpg --import KEYS You can use curl or GET, if you have one of those installed. The GET utility gets installed when you install the LWP suite of modules for Perl. Finally, verify the signature with: gpg --verify httpd_2.0.52.tar.gz.asc Unpack the distribution tar -vzxf httpd-2.0.52.tar.gz 6
Note that the -z flag is a gnu-tar thing, and may not be available in all versions of tar, although it is more common now than it used to be. Change into the directory Build it ... ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache make make install Note that if you run ./configure as a non-root user, Apache will be configured to run on port 8080. This is very annoying, but being aware of it mostly solves the problem. Tell students that they really only need to be root in order to make install, and then see what happens. This is mostly for your own information, since at least one student will do this, and then you’ll be left wondering why it’s not working. 2.3 Contents of distribution file, 1.3 We now take a brief step back to look at the contents of the distribution file, so that the student knows what we’re working with. You’ll need to familiarize yourself with the contents of each of the directories in the distribution, so that you can explain any files that they may ask about. Note that the layout for 2.0 is different from that for 1.3, having been reorganized for a variety of reasons. • cgi-bin • conf – Sample CGI programs – Usually not executable, for security reasons The rationale here is that, if every web server on the planet has a particular CGI program installed and enabled, and some day, for some reason, someone finds a security exploit in it, it will be a simple matter to crack any server on the planet. Thus, we ship sample cgi programs, but don’t enable them by default, and recommend that they be used for testing only. – --cgidir=DIR – Starter configuration files – Will not overwrite your existing configs That is, if you modify your configuration file, and then reinstall Apache, your changes will be preserved. This is particularly important for this exercise, as, after installing Apache the first time, we want to install it again, perhaps several times, with a very different configuration. Thus, each time, we want to remove our configuration file before installing Apache again. Make sure that you explicitly talk about this at this point, as at least one student will forget to do this, and you need to have mentioned it so that you don’t look like this problem caught you off-guard. – Variables filled in based on your build arguments ServerRoot @@ServerRoot@@ LockFile @rel_logfiledir@/accept.lock 7
Page 1: Introduction to the Apache Web Serv
Page 4 and 5: 3.1 Apache process architecture . .
Page 6 and 7: 8.3 Alias . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Page 8 and 9: 13 SSI 75 13.1 Configuration for SS
Page 10 and 11: 16.5 Typical errors . . . . . . . .
Page 12 and 13: 19.8 Modules . . . . . . . . . . .
Page 14 and 15: 23.1 Caching . . . . . . . . . . .
Page 16 and 17: He wrote the CERN web server, and t
Page 18 and 19: • provide a foundation for open,
Page 22 and 23: • htdocs • icons Show the stude
Page 24 and 25: ./configure --help ./configure --pr
Page 26 and 27: 2.6 apxs apxs is a Perl utility for
Page 28 and 29: The “correct” value for these d
Page 30 and 31: • Some modules, like mod php, don
Page 32 and 33: • help apachectl symlink You may
Page 35 and 36: Section 4 Configuration files http:
Page 37 and 38: directory - Can be used in a secti
Page 39 and 40: httpd -DUSESSL Then you could add a
Page 41 and 42: Section 5 .htaccess files 5.1 Confi
Page 43: 5.3 Exercise Create .htaccess file
Page 46 and 47: ServerName www.foo.com DocumentRoot
Page 48 and 49: 3. Verify that they are serving con
Page 51 and 52: Section 7 MIME http://httpd.apache.
Page 53 and 54: AddType application/x-tar tgz Note
Page 55 and 56: 7.4.3 mod gzip More will be said ab
Page 57 and 58: Section 8 URL Mapping http://httpd.
Page 59 and 60: Equivalent to ... Alias /cgi-bin/ /
Page 61 and 62: Then /cgi-bin/404.cgi will look lik
Page 63 and 64: ----------------------------- The
Page 65: UserDir disabled UserDir enabled rb
Page 68 and 69: 9.2 Negotiation Methods 9.2.1 Multi
Page 70 and 71:
Note, however, that CacheNegotiated
Page 72 and 73:
10.3 IndexOptions The arguments to
Page 74 and 75:
10.4 Additional directives In addit
Page 77 and 78:
Section 11 Performance Tuning http:
Page 79 and 80:
11.5 Tuning configuration settings
Page 81:
11.5.6 mod mmap static Map static f
Page 84 and 85:
- JSP - etc, etc, etc • Each addr
Page 86 and 87:
#!/usr/bin/perl use CGI; my $cgi =
Page 89 and 90:
Section 13 SSI http://httpd.apache.
Page 91 and 92:
SSIStartTag "" 13.4 SSI directives
Page 93:
Most commonly, include is used to i
Page 96 and 97:
SetHandler Much like the AddHandler
Page 98 and 99:
advertising a page that has moved,
Page 100 and 101:
AddHandler type-map .var 14.1.3 Cus
Page 102 and 103:
AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE text/
Page 104 and 105:
15.4 Configuration 15.4.1 PerlRequi
Page 106 and 107:
Wow. 15.6.2 Apache::Registry If you
Page 108 and 109:
15.8.2 Installing the example mod p
Page 110 and 111:
package Acme::Apache::Werewolf; use
Page 112 and 113:
• "GET / HTTP/1.0" Request - Meth
Page 114 and 115:
16.4 Exercises 1. Construct a log f
Page 116 and 117:
• Precisely how many visitors •
Page 118 and 119:
16.9.2 rotatelogs CustomLog "|/usr/
Page 120 and 121:
• Set configuration to use this f
Page 122 and 123:
• mod auth nds (Netware Directory
Page 124 and 125:
110
Page 126 and 127:
• etc • Also, names like ’ema
Page 128 and 129:
114
Page 130 and 131:
19.2 File permissions The overridin
Page 132 and 133:
19.2.6 public html If users have we
Page 134 and 135:
19.3.3 ServerSignature Automaticall
Page 136 and 137:
* Don’t put important things in t
Page 138 and 139:
19.10 mod security http://www.modse
Page 140 and 141:
126
Page 142 and 143:
20.3 Certificates • Generate a ke
Page 144 and 145:
130
Page 146 and 147:
21.1.2 Apache 2.0 modules: [access
Page 148 and 149:
21.6 mod auth Name mod auth On by d
Page 150 and 151:
21.13 mod cgi Name mod cgi On by de
Page 152 and 153:
21.21 mod include Name mod include
Page 154 and 155:
Mapping files into memory to improv
Page 156 and 157:
21.35 mod status Name mod status On
Page 158 and 159:
To enable DAV in a particular direc
Page 160 and 161:
23.2 Proxying The proxy part lets y
show all

Introduction to the Apache Web Server - ApacheCon

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?