Introduction to the Apache Web Server - ApacheCon

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ForceType image/jpg 7.3 mod mime magic • Determines file type based on content of file. • Runs the file program to determine • magic.conf contains mappings to mime types 7.4 Encoding • Usually compression • Can be other encoding, such as uuencode • Is additional to content type • Can have multiple file extensions to convey this information • resume.doc - Microsoft Word document • resume.doc.zip - PKZipped Microsoft Word document • The default is that a file is sent as is, with no encoding 7.4.1 AddEncoding • Adds an encoding mapping to a particular file extension • AddEncoding pkzip .zip • AddEncoding gzip .gz 7.4.2 RemoveEncoding • RemoveEncoding gz • Removes any encoding that has been associated with the specified file extension This directive has been useful on the Apache download site itself. Files with a .tar.gz file extension should probably not be sent with a gzip encoding, as this will cause them to be uncompressed upon arrival, which is typically not the desired behavior. Likewise, on the Apache site, we want .tar.gz.asc files that contain the gpg signature for the corresponding .tar.gz file, but are not themselves either a .tar or a .gz file. Thus, when sent with a gzip content encoding, they arrive as a zero-byte file, since there is no valid gzip content in the file. 40
7.4.3 mod gzip More will be said about mod gzip later. Files are compressed as they are sent out to the client, and an additional Content-Encoding header is attached to the file to let the browser know that the content needs to be decoded (uncompressed) before it can be displayed. 7.5 Language • Content-Language header specifies the language that is being sent • Browser configuration can determine the preferred language (See Content Negotiation) • Can be set in addition to other attributes 7.6 Multiple file extensions Files can have more than one file extension in order to convey more than one of the above pieces of information. file.tar.gz.en file.tar.Z.fr file.html.gz.de There’s no great value of going into much detail here with the language stuff, as we will get into much greater depth in the Content Negotiation section, which is just a few down the line. You may also wish to make a note that multiple file extensions conveying the same piece of information will cause all but the last one to be ignored. Thus file.doc.tar.txt is a text file, not a doc or tar file. 7.7 Experiment • In your vhost directory, create a file called something.abc • Add a MIME type to this file extension • Verify that your browser loads it with this MIME type, and asks you what it is supposed to do with it. The purpose of this exercise is to illustrate that you can make up your own file types, and cause the browser to behave a certain way upon receiving that file type. This is how people come up with custom plug ins, file handlers, or whatever. You have some client-side application that gets mapped to a particular MIME type header. Note also that Internet Explorer occasionally thinks that it is smarter than you. That is, it will, in some conditions, follow the file extension rather than the MIME type. Thus, a txt file with an Application/Unknown 41
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Introduction to the Apache Web Serv
Page 4 and 5: 3.1 Apache process architecture . .
Page 6 and 7: 8.3 Alias . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Page 8 and 9: 13 SSI 75 13.1 Configuration for SS
Page 10 and 11: 16.5 Typical errors . . . . . . . .
Page 12 and 13: 19.8 Modules . . . . . . . . . . .
Page 14 and 15: 23.1 Caching . . . . . . . . . . .
Page 16 and 17: He wrote the CERN web server, and t
Page 18 and 19: • provide a foundation for open,
Page 20 and 21: This is a good point to encourage d
Page 22 and 23: • htdocs • icons Show the stude
Page 24 and 25: ./configure --help ./configure --pr
Page 26 and 27: 2.6 apxs apxs is a Perl utility for
Page 28 and 29: The “correct” value for these d
Page 30 and 31: • Some modules, like mod php, don
Page 32 and 33: • help apachectl symlink You may
Page 35 and 36: Section 4 Configuration files http:
Page 37 and 38: directory - Can be used in a secti
Page 39 and 40: httpd -DUSESSL Then you could add a
Page 41 and 42: Section 5 .htaccess files 5.1 Confi
Page 43: 5.3 Exercise Create .htaccess file
Page 46 and 47: ServerName www.foo.com DocumentRoot
Page 48 and 49: 3. Verify that they are serving con
Page 51 and 52: Section 7 MIME http://httpd.apache.
Page 53: AddType application/x-tar tgz Note
Page 57 and 58: Section 8 URL Mapping http://httpd.
Page 59 and 60: Equivalent to ... Alias /cgi-bin/ /
Page 61 and 62: Then /cgi-bin/404.cgi will look lik
Page 63 and 64: ----------------------------- The
Page 65: UserDir disabled UserDir enabled rb
Page 68 and 69: 9.2 Negotiation Methods 9.2.1 Multi
Page 70 and 71: Note, however, that CacheNegotiated
Page 72 and 73: 10.3 IndexOptions The arguments to
Page 74 and 75: 10.4 Additional directives In addit
Page 77 and 78: Section 11 Performance Tuning http:
Page 79 and 80: 11.5 Tuning configuration settings
Page 81: 11.5.6 mod mmap static Map static f
Page 84 and 85: - JSP - etc, etc, etc • Each addr
Page 86 and 87: #!/usr/bin/perl use CGI; my $cgi =
Page 89 and 90: Section 13 SSI http://httpd.apache.
Page 91 and 92: SSIStartTag "" 13.4 SSI directives
Page 93: Most commonly, include is used to i
Page 96 and 97: SetHandler Much like the AddHandler
Page 98 and 99: advertising a page that has moved,
Page 100 and 101: AddHandler type-map .var 14.1.3 Cus
Page 102 and 103: AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE text/
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15.4 Configuration 15.4.1 PerlRequi
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Wow. 15.6.2 Apache::Registry If you
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15.8.2 Installing the example mod p
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package Acme::Apache::Werewolf; use
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• "GET / HTTP/1.0" Request - Meth
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16.4 Exercises 1. Construct a log f
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• Precisely how many visitors •
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16.9.2 rotatelogs CustomLog "|/usr/
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• Set configuration to use this f
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• mod auth nds (Netware Directory
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110
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• etc • Also, names like ’ema
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114
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19.2 File permissions The overridin
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19.2.6 public html If users have we
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19.3.3 ServerSignature Automaticall
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* Don’t put important things in t
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19.10 mod security http://www.modse
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126
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20.3 Certificates • Generate a ke
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130
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21.1.2 Apache 2.0 modules: [access
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21.6 mod auth Name mod auth On by d
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21.13 mod cgi Name mod cgi On by de
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21.21 mod include Name mod include
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Mapping files into memory to improv
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21.35 mod status Name mod status On
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To enable DAV in a particular direc
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23.2 Proxying The proxy part lets y
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