Introduction to the Apache Web Server - ApacheCon

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The “correct” value for these directives will vary a great deal from one web site to another. The goal is to make sure that your spare server pool is sufficient to soak up any spikes in traffic. On Windows, there is no reliable way to fork processes, and so a different model is used by default. There is a parent process, and a single threaded child process. Each thread is able to handle client connections. However, there is a fixed number of threads. 3.1.2 Apache 2.0 Apache 2.0 introduces the MPM model The MPM - Multi Processing Module - is a way for the particular multi-processing technique of a given platform to be abstracted out. Two examples of multi-processing are threads and forking, and these are two of the available MPMs. With Apache 1.3, this code was contained in if blocks, which were long, icky, and confusing. With 2.0, they are moved out into modules, and you pick the one that is most appropriate for your particular needs and platform. On Unix, you have a number of choices. On non-Unix systems, you are usually limited to a single choice. • Prefork • Worker • Perchild • Win32 • OS/2 • Netware • Various others At this point, you may wish to rebuild Apache 2.0 using the worker MPM, so that you can see the difference that it makes in your process list, if nothing else. Since it takes a significant time to rebuild, you may want to do this and then send folks on a coffee break while it compiles. ./configure --with-mpm=worker ./configure --with-mpm=prefork prefork http://httpd.apache.org/docs-2.0/mod/prefork.html 14
Parent process Child 1 Child 2 ... Child n • This is the default • Looks just like Apache 1.3 • Very robust, but perhaps slower than worker Robust, because a crash takes out one connection only. However, creating new child processes is slower and more expensive than creating new threads. And, since they take up a bigger memory footprint, you can run fewer of them - hence, less scalable. worker http://httpd.apache.org/docs-2.0/mod/worker.html Parent process ... Threaded child processes • Multi-process, multi-threaded • Each child, fixed number of threads • Launch, reap child processes to deal with changes in load • ThreadsPerChild Faster, and less memory use. But less robust because a crash takes out a large number of connections, and so a single problem affects many users. This is the most-recommended MPM, with the following caveats: • Threading does not work very well on some platforms, like FreeBSD 15
Page 1: Introduction to the Apache Web Serv
Page 4 and 5: 3.1 Apache process architecture . .
Page 6 and 7: 8.3 Alias . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Page 8 and 9: 13 SSI 75 13.1 Configuration for SS
Page 10 and 11: 16.5 Typical errors . . . . . . . .
Page 12 and 13: 19.8 Modules . . . . . . . . . . .
Page 14 and 15: 23.1 Caching . . . . . . . . . . .
Page 16 and 17: He wrote the CERN web server, and t
Page 18 and 19: • provide a foundation for open,
Page 20 and 21: This is a good point to encourage d
Page 22 and 23: • htdocs • icons Show the stude
Page 24 and 25: ./configure --help ./configure --pr
Page 26 and 27: 2.6 apxs apxs is a Perl utility for
Page 30 and 31: • Some modules, like mod php, don
Page 32 and 33: • help apachectl symlink You may
Page 35 and 36: Section 4 Configuration files http:
Page 37 and 38: directory - Can be used in a secti
Page 39 and 40: httpd -DUSESSL Then you could add a
Page 41 and 42: Section 5 .htaccess files 5.1 Confi
Page 43: 5.3 Exercise Create .htaccess file
Page 46 and 47: ServerName www.foo.com DocumentRoot
Page 48 and 49: 3. Verify that they are serving con
Page 51 and 52: Section 7 MIME http://httpd.apache.
Page 53 and 54: AddType application/x-tar tgz Note
Page 55 and 56: 7.4.3 mod gzip More will be said ab
Page 57 and 58: Section 8 URL Mapping http://httpd.
Page 59 and 60: Equivalent to ... Alias /cgi-bin/ /
Page 61 and 62: Then /cgi-bin/404.cgi will look lik
Page 63 and 64: ----------------------------- The
Page 65: UserDir disabled UserDir enabled rb
Page 68 and 69: 9.2 Negotiation Methods 9.2.1 Multi
Page 70 and 71: Note, however, that CacheNegotiated
Page 72 and 73: 10.3 IndexOptions The arguments to
Page 74 and 75: 10.4 Additional directives In addit
Page 77 and 78: Section 11 Performance Tuning http:
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11.5 Tuning configuration settings
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11.5.6 mod mmap static Map static f
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- JSP - etc, etc, etc • Each addr
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#!/usr/bin/perl use CGI; my $cgi =
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Section 13 SSI http://httpd.apache.
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SSIStartTag "" 13.4 SSI directives
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Most commonly, include is used to i
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SetHandler Much like the AddHandler
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advertising a page that has moved,
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AddHandler type-map .var 14.1.3 Cus
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AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE text/
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15.4 Configuration 15.4.1 PerlRequi
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Wow. 15.6.2 Apache::Registry If you
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15.8.2 Installing the example mod p
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package Acme::Apache::Werewolf; use
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• "GET / HTTP/1.0" Request - Meth
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16.4 Exercises 1. Construct a log f
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• Precisely how many visitors •
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16.9.2 rotatelogs CustomLog "|/usr/
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• Set configuration to use this f
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• mod auth nds (Netware Directory
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110
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• etc • Also, names like ’ema
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114
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19.2 File permissions The overridin
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19.2.6 public html If users have we
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19.3.3 ServerSignature Automaticall
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* Don’t put important things in t
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19.10 mod security http://www.modse
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126
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20.3 Certificates • Generate a ke
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130
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21.1.2 Apache 2.0 modules: [access
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21.6 mod auth Name mod auth On by d
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21.13 mod cgi Name mod cgi On by de
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21.21 mod include Name mod include
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Mapping files into memory to improv
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21.35 mod status Name mod status On
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To enable DAV in a particular direc
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23.2 Proxying The proxy part lets y
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