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FM/UOJ Experiment 3a MEASURMENT OF ERYTHROCYTE SEDIMENTATION RATE (ESR) When anti-coagulated blood is allowed to stand, the red cells sediment gradually. The rate of sedimentation depends on the viscosity of the plasma and the ratio of the mass to surface area of the red cells. The main determinant of the viscosity of plasma is the composition and amount of plasma proteins. The determinant of the mass to surface ratio is rouleaux formation. Equipment: Westergren tube (recommended by the International Committee for Standardization in Haematology), sedimentation tube holder. Anticoagulant: Trisodium Citrate dihydrate solution – 0.11 M (3.8%). Method: Blood is obtained by venipuncture and 1.6 ml blood mixed with 0.4 ml of anticoagulant (4 volumes of old and 1 volume of anticoagulant). The Westergren tube is dipped in and the blood drawn to zero mark. The lower end is sealed by plasticene clay. The tube is then placed vertically in the holder for one hour. Precautions: ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… Exercise: a) Read the length of the clear plasma on top of the tubes in mm (ESR): ………………. b) Describe the factors that affect the sedimentation of the erythrocyte. ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… c) Explain the differences of ESR between males and females. ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… Blood Page | 21
FM/UOJ d) Describe the use of ESR in clinical practice. ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………….. Blood Page | 22
Page 1 and 2: MANUAL FOR PHYSIOLOGY PRACTICAL 201
Page 3 and 4: Experiment R3 .....................
Page 5 and 6: This manual has been developed by t
Page 7 and 8: FM/UOJ Introduction Page | 2
Page 9 and 10: FM/UOJ AIMS OF THE PHYSIOLOGY PRACT
Page 11 and 12: FM/UOJ THE FORM OF RECORDING An acc
Page 13 and 14: FM/UOJ Measurement of the body surf
Page 15 and 16: FM/UOJ 05. Measurement of Body Mass
Page 17 and 18: FM/UOJ Name [males] Height (cm) Wei
Page 19 and 20: FM/UOJ Experiment 2 OSMOTIC FRAGILI
Page 21 and 22: FM/UOJ Introductory Page | 16
Page 23 and 24: FM/UOJ Blood Page | 18
Page 25: FM/UOJ Venipuncture Venous blood ca
Page 29 and 30: FM/UOJ Explain why the red and whit
Page 31 and 32: FM/UOJ Discussion: a. Describe the
Page 33 and 34: FM/UOJ Method: Take some diluting f
Page 35 and 36: FM/UOJ Explain the possible errors
Page 37 and 38: FM/UOJ Calculation: The volume of t
Page 39 and 40: FM/UOJ Experiment 6a MEASUREMENT OF
Page 41 and 42: FM/UOJ 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 M
Page 43 and 44: FM/UOJ Name[Males] RBC PCV MCH MCHC
Page 45 and 46: FM/UOJ Discussion: ……………
Page 47 and 48: FM/UOJ Make a finger puncture and f
Page 49 and 50: FM/UOJ Experiment 8 IDENTIFICATION
Page 51 and 52: FM/UOJ Keep the cells under focus (
Page 53 and 54: FM/UOJ Precautions: ……………
Page 55 and 56: FM/UOJ Experiment 9 BLOOD GROUPING
Page 57 and 58: FM/UOJ Discussion: Explain the need
Page 59 and 60: FM/UOJ Respiration Page | 54
Page 61 and 62: FM/UOJ The reading can be taken up
Page 63 and 64: FM/UOJ Observations Stick the photo
Page 65 and 66: FM/UOJ ----------------------------
Page 67 and 68: FM/UOJ [Demonstration by Biopack sy
Page 69 and 70: FM/UOJ Name (female) Predicted TLC
Page 71 and 72: FM/UOJ Experiment R3 CHEMICAL CONTR
Page 73 and 74: FM/UOJ d. Explain the danger in thi
Page 75 and 76: FM/UOJ Changes in breath holding ti
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FM/UOJ Observation Subject during e
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FM/UOJ Experiment R5 LUNG FUNCTION
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FM/UOJ Several added sounds can be
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FM/UOJ Exercise Explain their signi
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FM/UOJ Circulation Page | 80
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FM/UOJ bellows to expand and collap
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FM/UOJ Observation: Stick the ECG t
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FM/UOJ diastolic pressures, the art
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FM/UOJ Experiment C 3 EFFECTS OF PO
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FM/UOJ Name (male) Standing Lying D
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FM/UOJ Exercise a. Explain the phys
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FM/UOJ Individual observations: Pro
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FM/UOJ Exercise: a. Explain the dif
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FM/UOJ The mass of the tissue in th
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FM/UOJ Experiment C 6 EFFECTS OF EX
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FM/UOJ Name (Female) After Exercise
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FM/UOJ Experiment C 7 EXAMINATION O
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FM/UOJ Explain the need for feeling
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FM/UOJ ………………………
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FM/UOJ 4. Both together: When circu
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FM/UOJ Kidney Page | 112
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FM/UOJ Group A: Control - 1 They fo
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FM/UOJ Group Name Sex Urine F G Mal
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FM/UOJ ----------------------------
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FM/UOJ Metabolism & Temperature Pag
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FM/UOJ Observation Stick photocopy
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FM/UOJ a. Explain the defect in the
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FM/UOJ Observation Name (male) Oral
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FM/UOJ Calculation Calculate the me
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FM/UOJ Reproductive Physiology Repr
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FM/UOJ EXPERIMENT R1 DETERMINATION
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FM/UOJ Precautions: ……………
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FM/UOJ Neurology Page | 136
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FM/UOJ Pain sense Superficial pain
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FM/UOJ Reflexes Reflexes have senso
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FM/UOJ 2.4. Triceps jerk: Flex the
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FM/UOJ Experiment N2 EXAMINATION OF
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FM/UOJ Experiment 2.3 Measuring the
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FM/UOJ Test for near vision: Jaeger
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FM/UOJ Light reflex: Ask the subjec
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FM/UOJ Audiometry Audiometer is an
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FM/UOJ Neurology Page | 154
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