Lunenburg Part 2 - Section 5 - Social Vulnerability - August 30.pdf

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actions individuals can take to improve their own situation. 89 The influence of education on social well-being and health is enhanced by public policies that fail to ensure adequate income and social services to all citizens: it plays a lesser role in social democratic welfare states that provide these services, than in liberal welfare states such as Canada. 90 Although Canada performs well relative to other developed nations in terms of education, low education is still a significant concern: approximately one quarter of Canadians over the age of 15 have not completed high school, 91 and more than 40% of adult workers have literacy below high school equivalency. 92 No Knowledge of Official Languages Census Canada Statistic: Total population by knowledge of official languages: Neither English nor French. The ability to speak the predominant local language is included in indices of social vulnerability because this skill is necessary in order to understand communications regarding natural hazards. These may include warnings, evacuation orders and instructions, and materials about protective measures or recovery assistance. 93 Language barriers may also result in social exclusion and discrimination, further enhancing vulnerability. 94 In Canada, people who are unable to speak either English or French may be at higher risk to natural hazard impacts because they are unable to understand warnings and instructions, or due to social exclusion. Recent Immigrants Census Canada Statistic: Total Recent Immigrants. Statistics Canada Definition: “Recent immigrants are those who settled in Canada less than five years ago. According to data from the 2006 Census, recent immigrants are those who came to Canada between 2001 and 2006.” 95 Many indices of social vulnerability consider that immigrants who do not speak the predominant local language, or that belong to a visible minority group, are more likely to experience social vulnerability. 96 Lack of trust in government advice and warnings may also be problematic for immigrants from some nations. 97 Recent immigrants to Canada may be unfamiliar with local weather patterns, lack knowledge of available social and economic resources, or have limited social support networks. 98 Additionally, recent immigrants are among those Canadians most likely to experience social exclusion and 89 Ibid. 90 Mikkonen and Raphael, 2010. p.15–16. 91 Statistics Canada, n.d. 92 ABC Life Literacy Canada, 2011. 93 Tapsell et al., 2010. p. 16; Dwyer et al., 2004. p. 24; Wall and Marzall, 2006. p. 384; Cutter et al. 2003. p. 245; Enarson and Walsh, 2007. p. 11, 25–26. 94 Cutter et al. 2003. p. 246; Public Health Agency of Canada, 2003. 95 Statistics Canada, 2008. 96 Cutter et al., 2003. p. 246, 253; Cutter et al., 2009. p. 20. 97 Dwyer et al., 2004. p. 24. 98 Enarson and Walsh, 2007. p. 11, 31. 18
marginalization, limiting their access to important social and economic resources. 99 All of these factors increase the social vulnerability of recent immigrants to Canada. Visible Minorities Census Canada Statistic: Total visible minority population. Statistics Canada Definition: “Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: Chinese, South Asian, Black, Arab, West Asian, Filipino, Southeast Asian, Latin American, Japanese and Korean.” 100 Indices of social vulnerability generally include indicators relating to visible minorities. 101 Some studies use indicators of particular racial or ethnic groups relevant in a specific study area. 102 Visible minority populations may be socially vulnerable due to lack of access to resources, and social, economic and political marginalization and discrimination. 103 In Canada, visible minorities in all provinces experience lower income, and higher unemployment and underemployment than Canadians of European decent. Alarmingly, this trend has increased rather than decreased in recent decades. 104 Additional experiences of marginalization and discrimination include devaluation of language and culture, and lack of access to culturally appropriate health care and services. 105 Aboriginal Persons Census Canada Statistic: Total Aboriginal Identity Population. Statistics Canada Definition: “Refers to those persons who reported identifying with at least one Aboriginal group, that is, North American Indian, Métis or Inuit, and/or those who reported being a Treaty Indian or a Registered Indian, as defined by the Indian Act of Canada, and/or those who reported they were members of an Indian band or First Nation.” 106 Aboriginal persons face a unique set of challenges rooted in their history of colonialization, and are included in some indices of social vulnerability for this reason. 107 While these long-standing conditions are rooted in historical events, they continue to be perpetuated: in 2007, the United Nations General Assembly approved a Declaration of the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, identifying measures national governments can take to improve the situation of Aboriginal 99 Mikkonen and Raphael, 2010. p. 32–33. 100 Statistics Canada, 2011c. 101 Cutter et al., 2009. p. 20–21; Cutter et al., 2003. p. 245. 102 Cutter et al., 2003. p. 254–255; Andrey and Jones, 2008. p.151. 103 Cutter et al., 2003. p. 253–254; Cutter et al., 2009. p. 20–21; Lindsay, 2010. p. 295; Enarson and Walsh, 2007. p. 25–26, 31. 104 Mikkonen and Raphael, 2010. p. 47. 105 Public Health Agency of Canada, 2003. 106 Statistics Canada, 2007a. 107 Cutter et al., 2003. p. 253–254. 19
Page 1 and 2: Atlantic Climate Adaptation Solutio
Page 3 and 4: And, thank you to the many resident
Page 5 and 6: The District’s extensive and irre
Page 7 and 8: OAKLAND 61 PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION FE
Page 9 and 10: Introduction Social vulnerability r
Page 11 and 12: and over time. This creates a justi
Page 13 and 14: also emphasize the need for detaile
Page 15 and 16: Data Interpretation: Analysis For e
Page 17 and 18: maps of equal or superior quality t
Page 19 and 20: person’s employment improves and
Page 21 and 22: as providing valid information. She
Page 23 and 24: communication and collective action
Page 25: alone are particularly vulnerable i
Page 29 and 30: disability in the event of a natura
Page 31 and 32: The prevalence of low income is a p
Page 33 and 34: Field Observations Travelling throu
Page 35 and 36: Average results for Nova Scotia are
Page 37 and 38: Next, the results from Table 3 are
Page 39 and 40: Figure 4. Social Vulnerability in t
Page 41 and 42: Seniors are more likely than other
Page 43 and 44: Figure 5. Storm Surge Scenarios in
Page 45 and 46: The Petite Riviere Bridge Several b
Page 47 and 48: This may reflect the Very High prop
Page 49 and 50: Table 7. Areas Requiring Attention
Page 51 and 52: Table 9. Areas Requiring Attention
Page 53 and 54: The area’s relatively high popula
Page 55 and 56: A High proportion of residents are
Page 57 and 58: An Average level of residents are s
Page 59 and 60: pharmacies, for medical services. I
Page 61 and 62: Figure 7: Storm Surge Scenarios wit
Page 63 and 64: The Plan also addresses the need fo
Page 65 and 66: A related ICSP strategic goal is to
Page 67 and 68: While the Economic Development Stra
Page 69 and 70: Oakland The Oakland Secondary Plann
Page 71 and 72: to maintain existing conditions and
Page 73 and 74: patterns and potential dangers (“
Page 75 and 76: new residents, seasonal residents,
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vulnerabilities for individuals wit
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Two coastal dissemination areas hav
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about this program and use their kn
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Groome, P. (2010). Census Changes H
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Appendix A: Annotated Bibliography
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and analyzed using a Decision Tree
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Dolan, A.H., and I.J. Walker. “Un
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in health care or mitigating socioe
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Appendix B: Table of Indicators and
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No Secondary Education Adger et al.
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Appendix C: Maps of Profile by Indi
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Government Transfer Payments This s
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Children The District has a Below A
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Seniors Living Alone The District h
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No Secondary Education Social vulne
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dissemination areas where no reside
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Visible Minorities The District of
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Appendix D: Radar Diagrams for each
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105
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DA 82 DA 83 Aboriginal Identity Vis
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DA 123 DA 124 Aboriginal Identity V
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DA 160 DA 161 Aboriginal Identity V
Page 121 and 122:
Mahone Bay Food Bank Hospital, Long
Page 123:
South Shore Big Brothers Big Sister
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