Lunenburg Part 2 - Section 5 - Social Vulnerability - August 30.pdf

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The variables chosen were organized into five categories - social, human, institutional, natural and economic resources - each with several relevant variables. The following table lists the resource being evaluated, variables chosen, and indicators used to measure those variables. Resource Definition Variables Social Human Institutional Natural Economic People’s relationships with each other through networks and the associational life in their community Skills, education, experiences and general abilities of individuals combined with the availability of ‘productive’ individuals Government-related infrastructure (fixed assets)—utilities such as electricity, transportation, water, institutional buildings and services related to health, social support, and communications Endowments and resources of a region belonging to the biophysical realm, including forests, air, water, arable land, soil, genetic resources, and environmental services Financial assets including built infrastructure as well as a number of features enabling economic development Community attachment, Social cohesion Productive population, Education infrastructure, Education levels, Political action Utilities infrastructure, Emergency preparedness, Health services, Communications services, Potable water quality Potable water quantity, Surface water, Soil conditions, Forest reserves, Fish reserves Employment levels and opportunities, Economic assets It is important to note that the goal of this case study was to assess the overall adaptability of a Canadian rural community to the incremental impacts of climate change, with a focus on agriculture. While some aspects of the study will not be relevant to the work at hand, the conceptual basis and methodology are nonetheless instructive. Andrey, Jean, and Brenda Jones. “The Dynamic Nature of Social Disadvantage: Implications for Hazard Exposure and Vulnerability in Greater Vancouver.” Canadian Geographer 52, no. 2 (2008): 146-168. This 2008 study presents an assessment of social vulnerability to natural hazards in Great Vancouver, British Columbia. The hazards considered in the study are earthquake-induced liquefaction, wildfires and noise pollution. Variables were selected based on literature regarding natural hazards and environmental equity. Other considerations included the particular social composition of Greater Vancouver, and available Census data at the Census tract level for three census years: 1986, 1996 and 2001. The 19 variables chosen include income, employment, age, gender, ethnicity, family composition and dwelling attributes. Raw data were converted to incidence rates for each census tract (e.g. number of seniors in a tract as a percentage of the tract’s total population). Then, principal components analysis (PCA) was applied to the data to reveal groups of variables with similar spatial patterns. The number of variables is then reduced those components that account for the bulk of the variance in the data. The principal components were subjected to an orthogonal varimax rotation to improve their interpretability. Five principal components accounted for 88% and 86% of the data’s variance for 1986 and 2001, while four components accounted for 79% of the data variance for 1996. The information obtained from the PCA was then mapped so that patterns of social disadvantage could be compared both among census years, and to maps indicating hazard exposure. 80
Dolan, A.H., and I.J. Walker. “Understanding Vulnerability of Coastal Communities to Climate Change Related Risks.” In Journal of Coastal Research. Itajai, Brazil, 2003. Dolan and Walker suggest a multi-scaled, integrated vulnerability framework that is to be locally relevant, and employs a community-based, bottom-up approach. This integrated framework considers both physical exposure and social vulnerability that leads to risk exposure and limits the capacities of communities to respond to risk. Therefore, vulnerability is viewed as a physical risk and social response in a defined geographic context. This study is concerned with both discrete climate hazards, and the long-term impacts of climate variability and change. Vulnerability is evaluated at both the individual/household and community level: indicators include demographic features such as gender, income, disability, and family composition; as well as community-scale determinants such as income distribution, reliance on natural resources and critical infrastructure susceptible to sea-level rise impacts, access to technology, and institutional frameworks. These features were assessed through qualitative, community-based research methods involving institutions, local decision-makers, resource users and residents. The authors emphasize the importance of grounding scientific knowledge in local experience. The goal is to enhance local-level capacity to deal with change within existing institutional frameworks. At the time of publication, the authors were engaged in the application of their framework to a case study in Haida Gwaii (Queen Charlotte Islands), British Columbia. Ford, J.D., W.A. Gough, G.J. Laidler, J. MacDonald, C. Irngaut, and K. Qrunnut. “Sea Ice, Climate Change, and Community Vulnerability in Northern Foxe Basin, Canada.” Climate Research 38 (2009): 137-154. This report documents a case study on an Inuit community, examining the processes and conditions shaping human vulnerability to sea ice change resulting from climate change. The study employs a case study approach, using retrospective analysis to examine how community members have responded to anomalous conditions; identify adaptive responses; characterize processes and conditions shaping vulnerability; and suggest the potential implications of future climate change. The authors emphasize the significance of non-climatic factors in shaping vulnerability to climate change impacts, and the roles of multiple, interacting climatic and non-climatic stressors that can magnify impacts. Critchley, J. (2011). Social Vulnerability to Storm Surges in Halifax Harbour. Dalhousie University Bachelor of Community Design Honours Thesis. In his 2011 Bachelor of Community Design Honours Thesis, Dalhousie University student Jonathan Critchley performed an assessment of social vulnerability to storm surge for the Halifax Harbour. In consultation with planning staff from Halifax Regional Municipality, Critchley constructed an index of social vulnerability based primarily on Dr. Cutter’s hazard-of-place model. The index considers 12 criteria based on demographic and socioeconomic characteristics and community emergency response services. The criteria are normalized based on scores amongst Census dissemination areas around the Halifax harbour that are at risk of being affected by storm surge. All criteria are assigned equal weight, and a composite index is formed. The products are the indices and maps showing the spatial distribution of social vulnerability, which create an accessible decision-making tool. 81
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Atlantic Climate Adaptation Solutio
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And, thank you to the many resident
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The District’s extensive and irre
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OAKLAND 61 PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION FE
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Introduction Social vulnerability r
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and over time. This creates a justi
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also emphasize the need for detaile
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Data Interpretation: Analysis For e
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maps of equal or superior quality t
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person’s employment improves and
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as providing valid information. She
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communication and collective action
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alone are particularly vulnerable i
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marginalization, limiting their acc
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disability in the event of a natura
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The prevalence of low income is a p
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Field Observations Travelling throu
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Average results for Nova Scotia are
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Page 67 and 68: While the Economic Development Stra
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Page 77 and 78: vulnerabilities for individuals wit
Page 79 and 80: Two coastal dissemination areas hav
Page 81 and 82: about this program and use their kn
Page 83 and 84: Groome, P. (2010). Census Changes H
Page 85 and 86: Appendix A: Annotated Bibliography
Page 87: and analyzed using a Decision Tree
Page 91 and 92: in health care or mitigating socioe
Page 93 and 94: Appendix B: Table of Indicators and
Page 95 and 96: No Secondary Education Adger et al.
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Page 101 and 102: Children The District has a Below A
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Page 109 and 110: Visible Minorities The District of
Page 111 and 112: Appendix D: Radar Diagrams for each
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Page 115 and 116: DA 82 DA 83 Aboriginal Identity Vis
Page 117 and 118: DA 123 DA 124 Aboriginal Identity V
Page 119 and 120: DA 160 DA 161 Aboriginal Identity V
Page 121 and 122: Mahone Bay Food Bank Hospital, Long
Page 123: South Shore Big Brothers Big Sister
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Lunenburg Part 2 - Section 5 - Social Vulnerability - August 30.pdf

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