Lunenburg Part 2 - Section 5 - Social Vulnerability - August 30.pdf
Lunenburg Part 2 - Section 5 - Social Vulnerability - August 30.pdf
Lunenburg Part 2 - Section 5 - Social Vulnerability - August 30.pdf
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The variables chosen were organized into five categories - social, human, institutional, natural<br />
and economic resources - each with several relevant variables. The following table lists the<br />
resource being evaluated, variables chosen, and indicators used to measure those variables.<br />
Resource Definition Variables<br />
<strong>Social</strong><br />
Human<br />
Institutional<br />
Natural<br />
Economic<br />
People’s relationships with each other through<br />
networks and the associational life in their<br />
community<br />
Skills, education, experiences and general<br />
abilities of individuals combined with the<br />
availability of ‘productive’ individuals<br />
Government-related infrastructure (fixed<br />
assets)—utilities such as electricity,<br />
transportation, water, institutional buildings and<br />
services related to health, social support, and<br />
communications<br />
Endowments and resources of a region<br />
belonging to the biophysical realm, including<br />
forests, air, water, arable land, soil, genetic<br />
resources, and environmental services<br />
Financial assets including built infrastructure as<br />
well as a number of features enabling economic<br />
development<br />
Community attachment, <strong>Social</strong><br />
cohesion<br />
Productive population, Education<br />
infrastructure, Education levels,<br />
Political action<br />
Utilities infrastructure, Emergency<br />
preparedness, Health services,<br />
Communications services, Potable<br />
water quality<br />
Potable water quantity, Surface<br />
water, Soil conditions, Forest<br />
reserves, Fish reserves<br />
Employment levels and<br />
opportunities, Economic assets<br />
It is important to note that the goal of this case study was to assess the overall adaptability of a<br />
Canadian rural community to the incremental impacts of climate change, with a focus on<br />
agriculture. While some aspects of the study will not be relevant to the work at hand, the<br />
conceptual basis and methodology are nonetheless instructive.<br />
Andrey, Jean, and Brenda Jones. “The Dynamic Nature of <strong>Social</strong> Disadvantage:<br />
Implications for Hazard Exposure and <strong>Vulnerability</strong> in Greater Vancouver.” Canadian<br />
Geographer 52, no. 2 (2008): 146-168.<br />
This 2008 study presents an assessment of social vulnerability to natural hazards in Great<br />
Vancouver, British Columbia. The hazards considered in the study are earthquake-induced<br />
liquefaction, wildfires and noise pollution. Variables were selected based on literature regarding<br />
natural hazards and environmental equity. Other considerations included the particular social<br />
composition of Greater Vancouver, and available Census data at the Census tract level for three<br />
census years: 1986, 1996 and 2001. The 19 variables chosen include income, employment,<br />
age, gender, ethnicity, family composition and dwelling attributes.<br />
Raw data were converted to incidence rates for each census tract (e.g. number of seniors in a<br />
tract as a percentage of the tract’s total population). Then, principal components analysis (PCA)<br />
was applied to the data to reveal groups of variables with similar spatial patterns. The number of<br />
variables is then reduced those components that account for the bulk of the variance in the data.<br />
The principal components were subjected to an orthogonal varimax rotation to improve their<br />
interpretability. Five principal components accounted for 88% and 86% of the data’s variance for<br />
1986 and 2001, while four components accounted for 79% of the data variance for 1996.<br />
The information obtained from the PCA was then mapped so that patterns of social<br />
disadvantage could be compared both among census years, and to maps indicating hazard<br />
exposure.<br />
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