Lab Manual - eScience Labs
Lab Manual - eScience Labs
Lab Manual - eScience Labs
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<strong>Lab</strong> 8: Respiraon<br />
Membrane<br />
Anaerobic<br />
2 ATP<br />
Aerobic<br />
in mitochondria<br />
6 Carbon Compound<br />
Glucose<br />
4 ADP<br />
Oxidation<br />
3 Carbon Compound<br />
Pyruvate<br />
4 ATP<br />
+ O<br />
2<br />
CO 2<br />
+ H2O<br />
Yeast fermentation<br />
2 ATP<br />
Homolactic<br />
fermentation<br />
Alcohol +<br />
CO 2<br />
Lactic<br />
Acid<br />
34 ADP<br />
34 ATP<br />
Cytosol<br />
Mitochondrion<br />
Figure 1: Aerobic Respiraon<br />
Aerobic respiraon takes place in the mitochondria (a specialized organelle) of the cell and uses oxygen<br />
as the final electron acceptor in the electron transport pathway. Pyruvate is oxidized to generate energy.<br />
Special molecules shule electrons to the ATP producon site. Since oxygen has a very high affinity<br />
for electrons, aerobic respiraon is the most efficient means of producing ATP (36 per reacon).<br />
Anaerobic respiraon takes place in the cytoplasm<br />
of the cell and uses other, less efficient,<br />
molecules to transport electrons.<br />
If the final transfer molecule is organic (contains<br />
a carbon), the process is called fermentaon.<br />
Fermentaon is an anaerobic process that reduce<br />
regenerate NAD+ so that glycolysis can<br />
connue. Because it cannot fully break down<br />
the glucose molecule, fermentaon is far less<br />
efficient than aerobic respiraon, generang<br />
only two ATP molecules.<br />
During physical acvity, cells require more energy.<br />
As long as enough oxygen can be delivered to<br />
cells, aerobic respiraon dominates.<br />
When energy consumpon exceeds the oxygen<br />
supply, anaerobic respiraon starts. Lacc acid is<br />
a byproduct, and is what causes muscle soreness<br />
aer a hard workout!<br />
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