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adstratum 13
called a ‘segment’, and the two together are called a ‘category’. In (b), each of
the Modals is a segment, and the category Modal is a combination of the two.
A category can, but a segment cannot, dominate. This ensures that whatever
happens to modal will also happens to not – for instance, contracted not (n’t)
needs to stay with the modal if the latter is moved, as in won’t he, can’t he,
etc. It is thus claimed that this operation allows linguistically significant
generalizations to be made which might otherwise be missed, or which would
be handled less economically. In government-binding theory, movement rules
involve either (Chomsky-) adjunction or substitution. See also stray.
(a)
Aux
Tense
Modal
Present
will
not
(b)
Aux
Tense
Modal
Modal
Present
will
not
adjunctival (adj./n.)
see adjunct
adnominal (adj./n.) A term used by some grammarians to refer to the elements
in a noun phrase which modify a noun (an analogy with adverbial), such as
adjectives, prepositional phrases and ‘possessive’ nouns, e.g. the big hat, the
hat in the box, the vicar’s hat. A description in terms of ‘adnominal’ elements
may also be used in the classification of relative clauses (e.g. the car which
she bought ...).
adposition (n.) A term sometimes used in grammar to subsume the two categories
of preposition and postposition. It proves useful when there is a need
to emphasize the adjacency of these categories to the noun, without having to
choose whether the category precedes or follows.
adstratal (adj.)
see adstratum
adstratum (n.) A term sometimes used in sociolinguistics, referring to features
in a language which have resulted from contact with a neighbouring
language. The process of convergence may lead to the development of a