To strengthen ESD work in the Nordic countries, the Swedishgovernment decided, as early as April 2002, that while presidingover the Nordic Council of Ministers in 2003 it would host aconference on ESD in Karlskrona, Sweden in June. The Baltic Rimcountries were well represented at this meeting.The proposal that emerged from the Johannesburg summit inSeptember 2002 on the UN Decade of Education for SustainableDevelopment (DESD) had a marked impact on ESD efforts inSweden, in a variety of ways. At the summit, the Swedish PrimeMinister invited the international community to a conference onESD, and this was duly held in 2004.Later in 2002, Sweden was invited by the UN EconomicCommittee for Europe (UNECE), which has 56 member states fromCaucasus to North America, to join Russia in leading the initial workon developing an ESD action plan on its behalf. Sweden accepted,and the following year, at a meeting of environment ministers inKiev, Ukraine in May, a statement was adopted emphasizing theimportance of ESD. This was followed up at the ministerial meetingin Vilnius, Lithuania in March 2005 with the adoption of an actionplan for UNECE that has since become one of the foremost driversof ESD in these countries.Learning to Change Our World was the title of the internationalconference to which the prime minister had invited all countriesin Johannesburg. It took place in Gothenburg on 4-7 May2004 and was strongly supported by the two universities there,both of which had been encouraging the development of ESDfor several years. The meeting attracted 350 participants from 75countries. Since then, the universities have organized five internationalfollow-up conferences, resulting in October 2008 in theGothenburg Recommendations.The preparations for the Gothenburg conference were undertakenby a government committee that was also charged with recommendingways in which ESD work in Sweden might be strengthened.One of the proposals involved amending the Higher Education Actso as to require the country’s universities to promote sustainabledevelopment. Another recommendation was for Sweden to establisha UNESCO institute for the promotion of ESD in internationaldevelopment aid activities.Both these proposals have been implemented. As of 1 February2006, the law states that: “in their activities, higher education institutionsshall promote sustainable development that ensures presentand future generations a healthy and good environment, economicand social welfare and justice”. Accordingly, many of these universitiesand colleges have developed policy documents of their ownaimed at fulfilling the intentions of this provision. These documentsare viewed as an extension of the institutions’ voluntary commitmentto greater environmental awareness in the 1990s, as reflectedin their support for various university declarations at the time. InApril <strong>2010</strong>, legislative regulation was strengthened further whenthe present government reiterated the formulation cited above inrevising the Higher Education Act.Swedish universities and colleges have long offered a wide rangeof programmes and courses in pursuit of learning for sustainabledevelopment. About a third of all courses discuss sustainable developmentin some form. The Higher Education Act has provided abasis for the special policy documents adopted by many universitiesand colleges in support of ESD. Each department pursues work inthis area in its own way. Often, department heads appoint a specialcontact officer to promote development.The goal of many universities is to integratesustainable development, both as a perspective andas knowledge context, into all training programmesand relevant courses, as well as to give students achance to supplement their education with electivecourses in sustainable development. At some universities,work reports fulfil the requirements of theGlobal Reporting Initiative. Sometimes a self-assessmenttool, the Audit Instrument for Sustainability inHigher Education, is used.But despite all the legal wording, special policydocuments, expectations and support on the part ofuniversity management, the decisive factor is the individualteacher’s willingness and ability to ensure thatthe tuition provided is informed by the ideas underlyingthe ESD concept. In practice, responsibility for bringingthese ideas to fruition at higher education institutions,both in Sweden and elsewhere, lies to far too great anextent in the hands of individual enthusiasts who seekto drive matters forward.In Sweden there are three UNESCO Chairs for ESD,based at Lund University, Chalmers University ofTechnology and the University of Gothenburg. Thelatter focuses on promoting ESD in early childhoodeducation.In October 2007, the government assigned theSwedish International Development Agency, Sida,to set up an institute, SWEDESD, with the primaryaim of promoting ESD in Sweden’s development aidprogramme. SWEDESD, which is located on the islandof Gotland in the Baltic, is now nearing the end ofthe build-up phase. The Global School/InternationalProgramme Office for Education and Training, whichis also financed by Sida, is closely involved in thepromotion of ESD within the Swedish school system.It bases its activities on the various school curriculaand syllabuses.The National Agency for Education encouragesESD through its triennial accolade, A SustainableDevelopment School, established in 2005. To beawarded this distinction, a school must organize itswork so that all pupils and staff are given the opportunityto take an active part both in formulatingsustainable education goals and in the planning, implementationand evaluation processes.ESD is also an important component in the activitiesof the Swedish National Council of Adult Education,with its study associations and folk high schools. Theseinstitutions operate independently of the governmentauthorities but receive government grants.The Keep Sweden Tidy Foundation is the Swedishbranch of the international organization Eco-Schoolsand has some 2,000 affiliated schools and preschools.The Swedish authorities financially support their activities.The Swedish section of the World Wide Fund forNature, which is the country’s largest environment andnature conservation organization, strongly promotesESD as part of its operation, focusing both on schoolsand universities.[ 93 ]
UNESCO General Conference 2009Since 2007, the Regional Centre of Expertise on ESD in the Skåneregion (RCE Skåne) has been part of the international network forpromoting sustainable development that was set up on the basis of ideasfrom the UN University in Tokyo. Discussions are currently under wayin other parts of Sweden on the establishment of new RCEs.The Baltic University Programme is an international networkbringing together 225 universities in the Baltic Sea region in aneducational partnership based on sustainable development. CEMUS,the Student Centre for Environment and Development Studies, is aunique institution at Uppsala University that also bases its activitieson sustainable development but which is largely run by students.The Graduate School in Education and Sustainable Developmentis the result of a research partnership between eight Swedishuniversities working in this field, the aim being to establish aresearch environment of international importance. Networkspromoting ESD have also been set up among teachers, teachertrainers and researchers.The Life-Link Friendship School, based in Sweden, is an internationalpartnership uniting schools from different parts of the world,all of which seek to encourage ESD. Its project focusing on nineArab countries was chosen by UNESCO as an example of good practiceat the organization’s 2009 conference in Bonn.For the Swedish National Commission for UNESCO, the ESDissue is a priority. Via a well-established network of contacts withSwedish agencies and NGOs, this body has exploited opportunitiesfor promoting ESD throughout the DESD. It has also stressed theimportance of ESD both when engaging in international cooperationand at UNESCO’s general conferences, including the Bonn meetingin 2009, at which Sweden was well represented.Image: Swedish National Commission for UNESCOThe UN General Assembly’s decision to proclaima special decade for ESD has always received strongSwedish support. It has meant that the importance ofenvironmental education and ESD has been brought tothe fore to an unparalleled extent, both in Sweden andinternationally.Sweden’s experience of ESD promotion is doubtlesssimilar to that of other countries around the world.Strong executive support and encouragement is essential,from various political levels and from far-sighted politiciansand officials in the education sector. At the sametime, however, this must be met by committed, responsibleteachers, students and parents who are prepared toacts as a driving force in preschools, schools, universitiesand the business sector. Sweden, which has the potentialto promote ESD successfully, must strive still morevigorously to ensure that our entire education systemis informed by the sustainable development perspective.Together, regardless of our place in the education system,we must constantly keep the future of our children andgrandchildren in mind.There are six ESD proposals that should be implementedbased on Sweden’s experience of ESD promotionwork during the period 2000-<strong>2010</strong>:1. Ministers of Education, and their Ministries, shoulddevelop action plans on ESD, giving governmentagencies clear roles and responsibilities. Allrelevant legislation and regulation must reflect theimportance of ESD2. Members of Parliament should raise the importanceof ESD with their government3. Politicians in local and regional government,especially those responsible for school issues,need to be made aware that ESD is an importantdimension of quality4. National government bodies and agencies forinternational aid and cooperation, in theirnegotiations with the countries receiving supportin the education area, require that educationalactivities be informed by the perspective ofsustainable development5. Conferences dealing with any aspect of sustainabledevelopment should always discuss the importanceof the role of education6. University management needs to adopt a policyfor ESD work at institutions, but also take partin discussions and debates with teachers andresearchers on how such a policy might inform theinstitution’s entire range of activities.The DESD represents a golden opportunity for everyone(committed teachers at all levels, school and universityheads, students, education ministers and other educationpoliticians throughout the world) to take thesematters seriously, and to work with others to changeall levels of education systems, so that when studentshave completed their training they will truly possess theability and will to work actively for sustainable developmentin <strong>today</strong>’s society.[ 94 ]
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TOMORROW TODAYUnited NationsEducati
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THE HONOURABLE DIANE MCGIFFORD, CHA
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ANNA TIBAIJUKA, EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR,
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KONRAD OSTERWALDER, RECTOR, UNITED
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levels, and is an efficient mechani
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levels of education, taking part in
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Sustainable school feedingNancy Wal
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How the Education for Rural People
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