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The network society in Catalonia 239THE USES OF THE INTERNET IN EVERYDAY LIFEStudies on the uses of the Internet have shown that people adapt the Internetto their needs and projects, rather than submitting to the logic of the technology.Thus, the uses of the Internet are an extension and specification of whatpeople do, want, and feel in their everyday lives (Haythornthwaite andWellman, 2002). Our own study in Catalonia has tried to test this hypothesisby asking people to report the activities they regularly perform on the Internet.Table 10.1 shows the findings. Let us emphasize the main results beforebriefly elaborating on their meaning.As in all other studies, electronic mail is the most frequent activity: theInternet is, above all, a medium of communication for all kinds of purposes.There are two leading activities: one is what we could call leisure-orientedactivities, such as surfing without a precise goal or downloading music; theother is searching for information for practical uses, such as consultinglibraries, travel information, or looking for information concerning publicservices or shows in town. A third level of frequency concerns participation inchats.Uses for sociability are less diffused, and shopping on line is minimal.Teleworking or distant education concerns a very small proportion of the userpopulation. It is interesting to observe that the proportion of users looking atpornography is rather moderate (8.8 percent), and sharply differentiated bygender (3 percent of women versus 13 percent of men), and by age (it is highlyconcentrated in the male age group of 20–29 years). On the other hand, usesfor sociability (such as reaching out to friends when people feel “low”) are lessfrequent, and the use of the Internet to organize children or family activities israre. So are uses of the Internet for political purposes.This pattern of Internet use is differentiated by the social characteristics ofthe users. Simplifying our observations, young users (up to 29 years old)display a higher proportion of leisure-oriented activities and participation inchats. Mature professionals tend to use the Internet for their work and forinformation searches, including searching for news. The use of the Internet forpractical purposes, such as accessing public services, increases with age. Andthe youngest users (15–19 years) are those who are most interested in videogames and chats.There are therefore few surprises in our findings: Internet use followspeople’s dominant patterns of behavior, derived from their social characteristics.Teenagers play and chat. Young people are more leisure-oriented thanwork-oriented. The opposite trend is perceived among professionals andhighly educated people. And the older the user, the more important theInternet becomes as a source of help in managing the practical matters ofeveryday life. There are few political uses of the Internet because there is a
240 Manuel Castells et al.Table 10.1Distribution of Internet users according to Internet use (orderedfrom greater to lesser frequency of each use) (percentage againstInternet user total)User intervieweeNo. %Sending and receiving e-mail messages 921 88.6“Net-surfing” (navigation without a specific objective) 597 57.5Consulting libraries, encyclopaedias, dictionaries, 547 52.6atlasesSearching for travel information 483 46.5Downloading music from the web 389 37.4Searching for information on programmed shows 380 36.6Searching for information on public services 378 36.4Searching for information on your city 375 36.1Participating in chat channels or news groups 367 35.3Finding out news in the general press 356 34.3Sending electronic greeting cards 312 30.0Arranging or confirming meetings with friends 311 29.9Downloading software from the web 300 28.9Searching for information on training programs 299 28.8Sending photos of you or your family 265 25.5Searching for information on your professionalassociation 247 23.8Carrying out banking operations 234 22.6Finding out sports news 232 22.3Contacting friends when you are feeling down 223 21.5Searching for information on your own health or that of 204 19.6othersPlaying video games on the Internet 193 18.6Searching for work 171 16.5Reserving trips and accommodation, hiring a car 166 16.0Working from home 135 13.0Buying or reserving tickets to shows 119 11.5Searching for recipes 116 11.2Buying books or music 97 9.3Searching for political or union information 93 9.0Looking at pornography 91 8.8Searching for an apartment 70 6.7Making telephone calls via the Internet 68 6.5Buying other things 60 5.8Participating in online courses 54 5.2Buying computer products 51 4.9Buying food or cleaning products 43 4.1Searching for information on gays and lesbians 30 2.9Participating in or buying at an auction 28 2.7Organizing children’s activities 27 2.6The percentages correspond to affirmative answers against the total of persons respond-Note:ing.
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The Network Society
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© Manuel Castells 2004All rights r
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viContentsPART IV SOCIABILITY AND S
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Figures2.1 Technological developmen
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xTables13.4 Physician reports of th
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xiiNotes on contributorsNathaniel B
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xivNotes on contributorsand Browsin
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AcknowledgmentsThis book is the res
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xviiiEditor’s prefaceinteraction
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xxEditor’s prefaceof socio-techni
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1. Informationalism, networks, and
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Informationalism and the network so
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the network society, in a binary mo
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2. Institutional models of the netw
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Silicon Valley and Finland 51PATHS
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Silicon Valley and Finland 53Table
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Silicon Valley and Finland 55the fi
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Silicon Valley and Finland 57There
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Silicon Valley and Finland 59inform
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Silicon Valley and Finland 61that I
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Silicon Valley and Finland 63EBay,
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Silicon Valley and Finland 65produc
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wholly devoted to, or dependent on,
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Silicon Valley and Finland 69The st
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Silicon Valley and Finland 71JOT Au
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Silicon Valley and Finland 73risk i
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Silicon Valley and Finland 75respec
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Silicon Valley and Finland 77esting
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Silicon Valley and Finland 79100090
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Silicon Valley and Finland 81the Fi
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Silicon Valley and Finland 83——
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The Russian network society 85but s
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The Russian network society 87All t
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The Russian network society 89inequ
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The Russian network society 91estim
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The Russian network society 93expre
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The Russian network society 95in st
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The Russian network society 97actio
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4. The Internet in China: technolog
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The Internet in China 101power of t
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The Internet in China 103cially tho
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The Internet in China 1057060504030
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The Internet in China 107(Baum, 199
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The Internet in China 109native-pla
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The Internet in China 111“network
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The Internet in China 113Usually on
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The Internet in China 115lifestyle
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The Internet in China 117To borrow
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The Internet in China 119Cartier, a
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The Internet in China 121Bu, Wei (2
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The Internet in China 123jianguanzh
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5. Reflexive Internet? The Britishe
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Reflexive Internet? The British exp
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PART IIIThe Network Economy
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146 Marshall Van Alstyne and Nathan
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7. Labor in the network society: le
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176 Chris BennerLABOR AND FLEXIBILI
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178 Chris BennerFlexibility in Work
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180 Chris Bennerservices means that
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182 Chris BennerTable 7.2Indicators
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184 Chris BennerThis service is oft
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186 Chris Bennerof human resource a
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Page 213 and 214: 192 Chris BennerFlexible labor mark
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Page 217 and 218: 196 Chris BennerLave, Jean and Weng
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Page 221 and 222: 200 Caitlin Zaloomthe bids and offe
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Page 236: PART IVSociability and social struc
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Page 241 and 242: 220 Keith N. Hamptonerosion of the
Page 243 and 244: 222 Keith N. Hamptonby the least ex
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Page 247 and 248: 226 Keith N. Hamptonits ability to
Page 249 and 250: 228 Keith N. Hamptonimmediately app
Page 251 and 252: 230 Keith N. HamptonREFERENCESAngsi
Page 253 and 254: 232 Keith N. HamptonSouthern Califo
Page 255 and 256: 234 Manuel Castells et al.this stud
Page 257 and 258: 236 Manuel Castells et al.On the ot
Page 259: 238 Manuel Castells et al.friends a
Page 263 and 264: 242 Manuel Castells et al.way behin
Page 265 and 266: 244 Manuel Castells et al.by radio.
Page 267 and 268: 246 Manuel Castells et al.The six t
Page 269 and 270: 248 Manuel Castells et al.that belo
Page 271 and 272: 250 Wayne E. Baker and Kenneth M. C
Page 283 and 284: Table 11.5Logistic coefficients fro
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e-learning in post-secondary educat
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e-learning in post-secondary educat
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13. e-health networks and socialtra
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e-health networks and social transf
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14. Narrowing the digital divide: t
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The US community technology movemen
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community issues, access advanced t
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PART VINetworked social movements a
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342 Jeffrey S. JurisFollowing Fredr
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344 Jeffrey S. Jurisactions and cou
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346 Jeffrey S. Juristime. 13 Some h
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348 Jeffrey S. JurisZapatistas were
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350 Jeffrey S. Juriscollectives aga
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352 Jeffrey S. JurisVisibly impassi
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354 Jeffrey S. Juriselements. Colin
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356 Jeffrey S. Jurisorganizations.
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358 Jeffrey S. JurisNOTES1. Moving
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360 Jeffrey S. JurisMRG,’ which w
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362 Jeffrey S. JurisPolanyi, Karl (
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364 Araba Sey and Manuel CastellsIn
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366 Araba Sey and Manuel Castellsre
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368 Araba Sey and Manuel Castellsci
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370 Araba Sey and Manuel Castellssw
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372 Araba Sey and Manuel Castellspa
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374 Araba Sey and Manuel Castellssu
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376 Araba Sey and Manuel Castellsch
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378 Araba Sey and Manuel Castellsso
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380 Araba Sey and Manuel CastellsCo
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PART VIIThe culture of the network
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386 Imma Tubellacultural and sociol
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388 Imma Tubellaand through symboli
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390 Imma TubellaStates. During the
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392 Imma TubellaIn Galicia, autonom
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394 Imma Tubellarooms, including fi
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396 Imma Tubellaunderstand the choi
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398 Imma Tubellainteraction which i
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400 Imma TubellaFerguson, M. (1995)
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18. Globalization, identity, and te
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404 Anshu ChatterjeeIndian entrepre
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406 Anshu ChatterjeeThese enterpris
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408 Anshu Chatterjeerestricted area
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410 Anshu Chatterjeepenetration rat
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412 Anshu Chatterjeeproduced instit
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414 Anshu ChatterjeePunjabi TV face
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416 Anshu Chatterjeedecisions. The
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418 Anshu ChatterjeeNOTES1. For mor
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19. The hacker ethic as the culture
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422 Pekka Himanenthe informational
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424 Pekka Himanenone of the founder
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426 Pekka Himanena work culture in
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428 Pekka Himanenhype in which the
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430 Pekka HimanenWithout renewing t
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Afterword: an historian’s view on
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434 Rosalind Williamsdoes it mean t
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436 Rosalind Williamsindustrial soc
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438 Rosalind Williamsgovernance str
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440 Rosalind Williamsspeech deliver
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442 Rosalind Williamsincarnates as
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444 Rosalind Williamsexponentially
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446 Rosalind Williamsmultiplicity o
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448 Rosalind WilliamsArendt, Hannah
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450 IndexCalifornia, University of:
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452 IndexDetroit Area Study 249, 25
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454 IndexGore, Al 99Gould, Stephen
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456 Indexencryption 71, 76gender ga
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458 IndexMTV 403, 415MTV India 406M
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460 IndexRambler 95Raymond, Eric 35
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462 Indexstatism 15, 17-18, 22, 84,
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464 IndexYahoo! 55, 59, 61Yang, Jer
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