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The digital divide in Detroit 253home – by race, gender, age, education, household income, employmentstatus, family structure, and city/suburb location. Overall, about 75 percent ofarea residents report using a computer. For a rough comparison, note that theSeptember 2001 Current Population Study (CPS) finds that 66 percent ofAmericans nationwide used a computer (NTIA, 2002: 24). This is a roughcomparison because the CPS includes Americans aged 3 and up, while theDetroit Area Study covers adults aged 18 and older. Since Americans aged3–17 are more likely than any other age group to use computers (NTIA, 2002:24), the comparable proportion of Americans aged 18 and older who usescomputers is lower.Sixty-eight percent of residents in the Detroit region say they use theInternet. For a rough comparison, note that 54 percent of Americans aged 3and older used the Internet in September 2001 (NTIA, 2002: 26), with 55–58percent of Michigan residents aged 3 and up reporting that they used theInternet (NTIA, 2002: 8). Among those who use the Internet in the Detroitthree-county area, 87 percent connect from home.Rates of use vary for different groups in the Detroit region in about thesame way as they vary in the American population (NTIA, 2002). For example,African Americans in the Detroit area, like African Americans nationwide(NTIA, 2002: 24, 26), are less likely to use a computer or use the Internet.Nonetheless, two-thirds of African Americans in the Detroit area aged 18 andolder report using a computer (table 11.2). The NTIA reports 56 percent for thenationwide population aged 3 and up (NTIA, 2002: 24). And, the majority ofAfrican Americans in the Detroit region (54 percent) use the Internet.Nationwide, only 40 percent of African Americans aged 3 and older reportedusing the Internet in 2001 (NTIA, 2002: 26). Gender differences have virtuallyvanished nationwide (NTIA, 2002) and in the Detroit region (table 11.2).There is essentially no difference between the young (ages 18–25) and themiddle-aged (26–54) in computer usage and in Internet usage, but those 55and older are far behind on both indicators. As before, the odds ratios in table11.2 are comparable to national level data reported by DiMaggio et al. (2004).Defining our age cohorts exactly as they did, we find that the odds ratiobetween youngest and oldest age cohorts on computer usage is 4.400, whereasDiMaggio and associates report an odds ratio of 4.173 for national data in2001. If those 55 and older do use the Internet, however, they are more likelythan younger residents to connect from home.A huge gap exists between those with college degrees and all others (table11.2). More than 90 percent of college graduates use computers, use theInternet, and connect from home. Forty percent of those with a high-schooleducation or less use a computer or the Internet. Clearly, college educationgenerates computer and Internet usage in Detroit, as it does elsewhere.However, the gap narrows for use of the Internet at home, if one uses the
254 Wayne E. Baker and Kenneth M. ColemanTable 11.2Patterns of computer and Internet use by race, gender, age,education, household income, employment status, familystructure, and locationIf use theInternet, connectUse a computer Use the Internet from homeAll (%) 74.9 68.3 86.7RaceWhite and other (%) 77.9 72.8 88.0African American (%) 65.5 53.4 79.7Odds ratio:white/other toAfrican American 1.851 2.339 1.874GenderWomen (%) 71.8 66.3 82.8Men (%) 78.7 70.6 91.0Odds ratio:men/women 1.454 1.223 2.094Age (years)18–25 (%) 83.3 80.6 75.926–54 (%) 83.4 78.3 87.2> 55 (%) 53.2 40.4 94.7Odds ratio:youngest to oldestage groupings 4.400 6.121 0.175EducationLess than highschool (%) 40.3 40.3 74.1High schooldegree (%) 54.5 45.9 82.1College graduate(%) 92.5 90.3 93.4Odds ratio:college grad toless than HS degree 12.776 13.789 4.944Household incomeLess than$20,000 (%) 34.8 22.9 50.0$20,000–49,999(%) 75.5 64.9 76.0$50,000 or more(%) 84.2 80.8 93.6
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The Network Society
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© Manuel Castells 2004All rights r
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viContentsPART IV SOCIABILITY AND S
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Figures2.1 Technological developmen
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xTables13.4 Physician reports of th
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xiiNotes on contributorsNathaniel B
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xivNotes on contributorsand Browsin
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AcknowledgmentsThis book is the res
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xviiiEditor’s prefaceinteraction
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xxEditor’s prefaceof socio-techni
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1. Informationalism, networks, and
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Informationalism and the network so
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the network society, in a binary mo
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2. Institutional models of the netw
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Silicon Valley and Finland 51PATHS
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Silicon Valley and Finland 53Table
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Silicon Valley and Finland 55the fi
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Silicon Valley and Finland 57There
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Silicon Valley and Finland 59inform
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Silicon Valley and Finland 61that I
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Silicon Valley and Finland 63EBay,
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Silicon Valley and Finland 65produc
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wholly devoted to, or dependent on,
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Silicon Valley and Finland 69The st
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Silicon Valley and Finland 71JOT Au
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Silicon Valley and Finland 73risk i
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Silicon Valley and Finland 75respec
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Silicon Valley and Finland 77esting
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Silicon Valley and Finland 79100090
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Silicon Valley and Finland 81the Fi
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Silicon Valley and Finland 83——
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The Russian network society 85but s
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The Russian network society 87All t
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The Russian network society 89inequ
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The Russian network society 91estim
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The Russian network society 93expre
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The Russian network society 95in st
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The Russian network society 97actio
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4. The Internet in China: technolog
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The Internet in China 101power of t
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The Internet in China 103cially tho
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The Internet in China 1057060504030
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The Internet in China 107(Baum, 199
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The Internet in China 109native-pla
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The Internet in China 111“network
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The Internet in China 113Usually on
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The Internet in China 115lifestyle
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The Internet in China 117To borrow
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The Internet in China 119Cartier, a
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The Internet in China 121Bu, Wei (2
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The Internet in China 123jianguanzh
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5. Reflexive Internet? The Britishe
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Reflexive Internet? The British exp
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PART IIIThe Network Economy
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146 Marshall Van Alstyne and Nathan
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7. Labor in the network society: le
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176 Chris BennerLABOR AND FLEXIBILI
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178 Chris BennerFlexibility in Work
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180 Chris Bennerservices means that
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182 Chris BennerTable 7.2Indicators
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184 Chris BennerThis service is oft
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186 Chris Bennerof human resource a
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188 Chris Benneryears, however, edu
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190 Chris Bennermarket, however, is
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192 Chris BennerFlexible labor mark
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194 Chris BennerAsaravala, Amit (20
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196 Chris BennerLave, Jean and Weng
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8. Time, space, and technology infi
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200 Caitlin Zaloomthe bids and offe
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Page 231 and 232: 210 Caitlin Zaloom“reprogrammable
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Page 236: PART IVSociability and social struc
Page 239 and 240: 218 Keith N. Hampton“blasé attit
Page 241 and 242: 220 Keith N. Hamptonerosion of the
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Page 245 and 246: 224 Keith N. Hamptondid so to seek
Page 247 and 248: 226 Keith N. Hamptonits ability to
Page 249 and 250: 228 Keith N. Hamptonimmediately app
Page 251 and 252: 230 Keith N. HamptonREFERENCESAngsi
Page 253 and 254: 232 Keith N. HamptonSouthern Califo
Page 255 and 256: 234 Manuel Castells et al.this stud
Page 257 and 258: 236 Manuel Castells et al.On the ot
Page 259 and 260: 238 Manuel Castells et al.friends a
Page 261 and 262: 240 Manuel Castells et al.Table 10.
Page 263 and 264: 242 Manuel Castells et al.way behin
Page 265 and 266: 244 Manuel Castells et al.by radio.
Page 267 and 268: 246 Manuel Castells et al.The six t
Page 269 and 270: 248 Manuel Castells et al.that belo
Page 271 and 272: 250 Wayne E. Baker and Kenneth M. C
Page 273: 252 Wayne E. Baker and Kenneth M. C
Page 283 and 284: Table 11.5Logistic coefficients fro
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e-health networks and social transf
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14. Narrowing the digital divide: t
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The US community technology movemen
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community issues, access advanced t
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PART VINetworked social movements a
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342 Jeffrey S. JurisFollowing Fredr
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344 Jeffrey S. Jurisactions and cou
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346 Jeffrey S. Juristime. 13 Some h
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348 Jeffrey S. JurisZapatistas were
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350 Jeffrey S. Juriscollectives aga
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352 Jeffrey S. JurisVisibly impassi
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354 Jeffrey S. Juriselements. Colin
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356 Jeffrey S. Jurisorganizations.
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358 Jeffrey S. JurisNOTES1. Moving
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360 Jeffrey S. JurisMRG,’ which w
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362 Jeffrey S. JurisPolanyi, Karl (
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364 Araba Sey and Manuel CastellsIn
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366 Araba Sey and Manuel Castellsre
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368 Araba Sey and Manuel Castellsci
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370 Araba Sey and Manuel Castellssw
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372 Araba Sey and Manuel Castellspa
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374 Araba Sey and Manuel Castellssu
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376 Araba Sey and Manuel Castellsch
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378 Araba Sey and Manuel Castellsso
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380 Araba Sey and Manuel CastellsCo
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PART VIIThe culture of the network
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386 Imma Tubellacultural and sociol
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388 Imma Tubellaand through symboli
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390 Imma TubellaStates. During the
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392 Imma TubellaIn Galicia, autonom
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394 Imma Tubellarooms, including fi
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396 Imma Tubellaunderstand the choi
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398 Imma Tubellainteraction which i
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400 Imma TubellaFerguson, M. (1995)
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18. Globalization, identity, and te
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404 Anshu ChatterjeeIndian entrepre
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406 Anshu ChatterjeeThese enterpris
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408 Anshu Chatterjeerestricted area
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410 Anshu Chatterjeepenetration rat
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412 Anshu Chatterjeeproduced instit
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414 Anshu ChatterjeePunjabi TV face
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416 Anshu Chatterjeedecisions. The
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418 Anshu ChatterjeeNOTES1. For mor
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19. The hacker ethic as the culture
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422 Pekka Himanenthe informational
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424 Pekka Himanenone of the founder
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426 Pekka Himanena work culture in
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428 Pekka Himanenhype in which the
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430 Pekka HimanenWithout renewing t
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Afterword: an historian’s view on
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434 Rosalind Williamsdoes it mean t
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436 Rosalind Williamsindustrial soc
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438 Rosalind Williamsgovernance str
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440 Rosalind Williamsspeech deliver
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442 Rosalind Williamsincarnates as
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444 Rosalind Williamsexponentially
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446 Rosalind Williamsmultiplicity o
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448 Rosalind WilliamsArendt, Hannah
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450 IndexCalifornia, University of:
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452 IndexDetroit Area Study 249, 25
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454 IndexGore, Al 99Gould, Stephen
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456 Indexencryption 71, 76gender ga
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458 IndexMTV 403, 415MTV India 406M
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460 IndexRambler 95Raymond, Eric 35
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462 Indexstatism 15, 17-18, 22, 84,
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464 IndexYahoo! 55, 59, 61Yang, Jer
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