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Television, the Internet, and identity 399NOTES1. The United States imports 2 percent of its broadcasts and Japan no more than 5 percent.2. Like Catalan Television, Euskal Telebista was created basically to promote the normalizationof Basque culture and language, which had an extremely low level of knowledge among theBasque population. For this reason, in 1986 the Basque government created a second channel,ETB2, mainly in Spanish, except for children’s programs, in order to reach the whole ofthe population and to offer a specific vision of the world and their own country accessible tothe whole population.3. Federación de Organismos de Radio y Televisión autonòmicos (Federation of AutonomousOrganizations of Radio and Television).4. http://www.tvcatalunya.com.5. See Castells et al. (2002). This research analyzes Internet use and its relationship to social andcommunicative practices within the framework of the social structure and social practices ofthe whole Catalan population. It is based on a survey with a sample of 3,005 people representativeof the population of Catalonia. It includes both Internet users and non-users, allowingcomparison of the specific effect of Internet use on social practices.6. See the very interesting study of Liebes and Katz (1993) on the local reception of Dallas.REFERENCESAnderson, B. (1983) Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread ofNationalism. London: Verso.Ang, I. (1985) Watching Dallas: Soap Opera and the Melodramatic Imagination.London: Methuen.Appadurai, A. (2001) Globalization. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.Barker, C. (1999) Television, Globalization and Cultural Identities. Buckingham: OpenUniversity Press.Barthes, R. (1970) Mythologies. Paris: Seuil.Befu, H. (2000) “Globalization as Human Dispersal: From a Perspective of Japan,” inJ. S. Eades, T. Gill, and H. Befu (eds), Globalization and Social Change inContemporary Japan. Melbourne: Trans Pacific Press.Bertz, C. R. (1983) “Cosmopolitan Ideals and National Sentiment,” Journal ofPhilosophy 80: 591–600.Castells, M. (1997) The Information Age: Economy, Society and Culture, vol. II: ThePower of Identity. Oxford: Blackwell.—— and Himanen, P. (2001) “The Finnish Model of the Information Society,” SitraReports, no.17. Helsinki: Sitra.——, Tubella, I., and Sancho, T. (2002) “The Network Society in Catalonia: AnEmpirical Analysis” (available at http://www.uoc.edu/in3/pic/eng/pic1.html).Chomsky, N. and Herman, E. (1988) Manufacturing Consent: The Political Economyof the Mass Media. New York: Pantheon.Connolly, W. E. (1991) Identity/Difference: Democratic Negotiations of PoliticalParadox. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.Curran, J. and Gurevitch, M. (eds) (1991) Mass Media and Society. London: EdwardArnold.Deutsch, K. (1966) Nationalism and Social Communication: An Inquiry into theFoundation of Nationality. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Eley, G. and Suny, R. G. (eds) (1996) Becoming National: A Reader. New York:Oxford University Press.