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e-health networks and social transformations 309Table 13.5Physician assessment of effect on physician/patient relationshipof patient presenting Internet-derived informationNo. ofphysiciansEffect on physician/patient relationshipresponding to(%) questionNoImproved difference WorsenedHow accurate was theinformation?Very / somewhat 44 52 5 298Not very / not at all 22 59 19 106Did you feel the patientwas takingresponsibility forhis/her health?Yes 43 51 6 313No 23 62 15 89Did you feel the patientwas challengingyour authority?Yes 24 40 35 68No 41 56 3 337All questions p (chi-square)
310 James E. Katz, Ronald E. Rice, and Sophia K. Acordthe British Medical Association (BMA). In addition to putting patient confidentialityat risk, among the reasons she cited are that it is difficult to ascertainexactly with whom physicians are communicating and that there is nopersonal contact which is necessary for picking up crucial diagnostic clues(Pincock, 2003). (The BMJ’s discouraging views are presented atbma.org.uk/ap.nsf/Content/Consultingmodernworld.) On the other hand, theAmerican Medical Association is more moderate. While it does urge cautionand mandates follow-up in-person visits, it does see substantial benefit to e-mail communication. Indeed, it has undertaken a joint venture in this area.Private firms, for example, WebMD, also are seeking to turn small-scaleexperiments into full-fledged profit centers.Physician WebsitesHealth seekers are increasingly requesting reliable websites and recommendationsfrom their local medical practitioners. Over two-thirds of patientsconsider websites recommended by their physicians to be the most reliable, 61percent consider their physician’s website to be most reliable, and over half ofpatients trust health sites affiliated with other local medical authorities(LaurusHealth survey, cited in Pastore, 2000). One survey found that nearlytwo-thirds of consumers would change to a doctor who provided a websitewith credible content, appointment scheduling capabilities or secure communication(Pastore, 2001). However, according to another survey, only 40percent of physicians had a web page, and the majority of such sites lack thesort of depth sought by patients (Pastore, 2000). Sanchez (2002) notes that thevast majority of physician websites focus on practice enhancement tactics,rather than concrete patient service.Hence, we suggest that, just as the Internet is providing a context for reinventingor renegotiating the relationships between centralized and decentralizedsources of health information, it is doing so also for actors withintraditional small practices of “street-level” healthcare. As individuals andgroups are becoming more active, seeking out and creating their own informationand communication resources, they are increasingly, though notdramatically, turning to physicians as expert guides and interpreters of theinformation they find as well as seeking reassurance or innovative steps fromthem. While patients still think of their physician as their trusted medicalagent, they are turning to other sources, even those that question traditionalWestern medicine, and using that information as part of interactions with theirphysician.Physicians, for their part, are attempting to maintain as well as extend theirambit to include a virtual side. They do this by becoming more involved inInternet communication, drawing on the Internet for information, extending
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The Network Society
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© Manuel Castells 2004All rights r
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viContentsPART IV SOCIABILITY AND S
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Figures2.1 Technological developmen
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xTables13.4 Physician reports of th
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xiiNotes on contributorsNathaniel B
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xivNotes on contributorsand Browsin
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AcknowledgmentsThis book is the res
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xviiiEditor’s prefaceinteraction
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xxEditor’s prefaceof socio-techni
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1. Informationalism, networks, and
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Informationalism and the network so
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the network society, in a binary mo
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2. Institutional models of the netw
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Silicon Valley and Finland 51PATHS
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Silicon Valley and Finland 53Table
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Silicon Valley and Finland 55the fi
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Silicon Valley and Finland 57There
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Silicon Valley and Finland 59inform
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Silicon Valley and Finland 61that I
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Silicon Valley and Finland 63EBay,
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Silicon Valley and Finland 65produc
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wholly devoted to, or dependent on,
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Silicon Valley and Finland 69The st
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Silicon Valley and Finland 71JOT Au
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Silicon Valley and Finland 73risk i
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Silicon Valley and Finland 75respec
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Silicon Valley and Finland 77esting
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Silicon Valley and Finland 79100090
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Silicon Valley and Finland 81the Fi
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Silicon Valley and Finland 83——
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The Russian network society 85but s
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The Russian network society 87All t
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The Russian network society 89inequ
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The Russian network society 91estim
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The Russian network society 93expre
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The Russian network society 95in st
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The Russian network society 97actio
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4. The Internet in China: technolog
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The Internet in China 101power of t
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The Internet in China 103cially tho
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The Internet in China 1057060504030
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The Internet in China 107(Baum, 199
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The Internet in China 109native-pla
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The Internet in China 111“network
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The Internet in China 113Usually on
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The Internet in China 115lifestyle
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The Internet in China 117To borrow
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The Internet in China 119Cartier, a
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The Internet in China 121Bu, Wei (2
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The Internet in China 123jianguanzh
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5. Reflexive Internet? The Britishe
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Reflexive Internet? The British exp
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PART IIIThe Network Economy
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146 Marshall Van Alstyne and Nathan
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7. Labor in the network society: le
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176 Chris BennerLABOR AND FLEXIBILI
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178 Chris BennerFlexibility in Work
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180 Chris Bennerservices means that
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182 Chris BennerTable 7.2Indicators
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184 Chris BennerThis service is oft
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186 Chris Bennerof human resource a
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188 Chris Benneryears, however, edu
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190 Chris Bennermarket, however, is
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192 Chris BennerFlexible labor mark
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194 Chris BennerAsaravala, Amit (20
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196 Chris BennerLave, Jean and Weng
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8. Time, space, and technology infi
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200 Caitlin Zaloomthe bids and offe
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202 Caitlin Zaloomexchange, the bro
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204 Caitlin Zaloomrecently, the log
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206 Caitlin Zaloomadvantage of the
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208 Caitlin Zaloomletters to form w
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210 Caitlin Zaloom“reprogrammable
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212 Caitlin ZaloomCallon, Michel (1
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PART IVSociability and social struc
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218 Keith N. Hampton“blasé attit
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220 Keith N. Hamptonerosion of the
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222 Keith N. Hamptonby the least ex
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224 Keith N. Hamptondid so to seek
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226 Keith N. Hamptonits ability to
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228 Keith N. Hamptonimmediately app
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230 Keith N. HamptonREFERENCESAngsi
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232 Keith N. HamptonSouthern Califo
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234 Manuel Castells et al.this stud
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236 Manuel Castells et al.On the ot
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238 Manuel Castells et al.friends a
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240 Manuel Castells et al.Table 10.
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242 Manuel Castells et al.way behin
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244 Manuel Castells et al.by radio.
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246 Manuel Castells et al.The six t
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248 Manuel Castells et al.that belo
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250 Wayne E. Baker and Kenneth M. C
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Page 279 and 280: 258 Wayne E. Baker and Kenneth M. C
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Page 363 and 364: 342 Jeffrey S. JurisFollowing Fredr
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Page 379 and 380: 358 Jeffrey S. JurisNOTES1. Moving
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360 Jeffrey S. JurisMRG,’ which w
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362 Jeffrey S. JurisPolanyi, Karl (
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364 Araba Sey and Manuel CastellsIn
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366 Araba Sey and Manuel Castellsre
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368 Araba Sey and Manuel Castellsci
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370 Araba Sey and Manuel Castellssw
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372 Araba Sey and Manuel Castellspa
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374 Araba Sey and Manuel Castellssu
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376 Araba Sey and Manuel Castellsch
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378 Araba Sey and Manuel Castellsso
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380 Araba Sey and Manuel CastellsCo
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PART VIIThe culture of the network
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386 Imma Tubellacultural and sociol
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388 Imma Tubellaand through symboli
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390 Imma TubellaStates. During the
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392 Imma TubellaIn Galicia, autonom
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394 Imma Tubellarooms, including fi
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396 Imma Tubellaunderstand the choi
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398 Imma Tubellainteraction which i
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400 Imma TubellaFerguson, M. (1995)
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18. Globalization, identity, and te
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404 Anshu ChatterjeeIndian entrepre
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406 Anshu ChatterjeeThese enterpris
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408 Anshu Chatterjeerestricted area
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410 Anshu Chatterjeepenetration rat
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412 Anshu Chatterjeeproduced instit
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414 Anshu ChatterjeePunjabi TV face
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416 Anshu Chatterjeedecisions. The
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418 Anshu ChatterjeeNOTES1. For mor
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19. The hacker ethic as the culture
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422 Pekka Himanenthe informational
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424 Pekka Himanenone of the founder
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426 Pekka Himanena work culture in
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428 Pekka Himanenhype in which the
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430 Pekka HimanenWithout renewing t
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Afterword: an historian’s view on
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434 Rosalind Williamsdoes it mean t
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436 Rosalind Williamsindustrial soc
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438 Rosalind Williamsgovernance str
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440 Rosalind Williamsspeech deliver
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442 Rosalind Williamsincarnates as
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444 Rosalind Williamsexponentially
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446 Rosalind Williamsmultiplicity o
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448 Rosalind WilliamsArendt, Hannah
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450 IndexCalifornia, University of:
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452 IndexDetroit Area Study 249, 25
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454 IndexGore, Al 99Gould, Stephen
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456 Indexencryption 71, 76gender ga
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458 IndexMTV 403, 415MTV India 406M
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460 IndexRambler 95Raymond, Eric 35
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462 Indexstatism 15, 17-18, 22, 84,
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464 IndexYahoo! 55, 59, 61Yang, Jer
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