Proceedings of the Workshop - United Nations Office for Outer ...

More documents

Recommendations

Info

124 EXPANDING GLOBAL REMOTE SENSING SERVICESstructures for long-term preservation meaning a centuryor more ought to be considered on regional and globalterms. These inquiries ought to go beyond issues ofspace segment operations and require analysis ofinternational law and the laws of many nations in fieldsbeyond international space law: intellectual property,archival preservation and management, trade law, andmore. It also requires consideration of these samesubjects as they relate specifically to remote sensing.203These are subjects that go well beyond the scope ofthis paper.204 They are being raised more as aninvitation to mount a long-term, concerted effort toconsider this most complex -and important- remotesensing activity. The reason for this invitation was mosteloquently described by economist and futurist, HermanKahn:"We keep records for the same reason that webuild schools, or rear our children, or supportour aged parents. It is one of those things thatwe do without asking ourselves whether or notit represents a profitable investment but simplybecause it is our innate assumption thatcivilized men can do nothing else. We knowthat because we are not barbarians we mustkeep records. In other words, the keeping ofrecords in a civilized society is primarily an actof faith. We keep records because of our deepemotional and intellectual commitment to thevalues of the civilization of which we are apart, and to what our ancestors did and to whatwe hope our children will do."ConclusionImagine a meeting of space lawyers in the year 2050.Possible agenda items may include identifying203 Principles, supra, note 5, Principles VI, VII, and VII, and 15U.S.C. 9 5652, for example.204 Gabrynowicz, J.I., Earth Observations: the View From TheGround, 13 Space Policy, 229-244. This paper presents asurvey of various ground segments and suggests the complexityof ground segment issues.appropriate conditions for denying severe weather datafrom a multinational remote sensing system dedicatedto both military and civil missions; interpretingprovisions of the 2005 Treaty Relating to RemoteSensing o f the Earth from Space; or access rights toseventy-five year old data. Attendees will, as part oftheir analyses, look to precedent for guidance. Fromtheir future position, these space lawyers may be ableto look back and analyze how budgets and. technologychanged early space law principles. From their vantagepoint these future lawyers may also see that their 1990'spredecessors worked in a dynamic post-Cold War legalenvironment that expanded some global remote sensingservices while limiting others. The legal work done inthe 1990s required releasing obsolete precedents,establishing new ones, and identifying enduringprecedents to be preserved for future generations.Let that work begin.Acronym GlossaryASCAT Advanced ScatterometerAVHRR Advanced Very High ResolutionRadiometerAMSU-A Advanced Microwave Sounding UnitARGOS Data Collection and Location SystemCEOS Committee on Earth ObservingSatellitesCOPUOS Committee on the Peaceful Uses ofOuter SpaceDOD Department of DefenseDMSP Defense Meteorological SatelliteProgramESA European Space AgencyEUMETSAT European Organisation forMeteorological SatellitesGPS - S Global Positioning System - SounderHIRS High-Resolution Infrared SounderIASI Infrared Atmospheric SoundingInterferometerIJPS Initial Joint Polar SystemJPSJoint Polar SystemJV2010 Joint Vision 2010METOP European Meteorological OperationalSystem
EXPANDING GLOBAL REMOTE SENSING SERVICES 125MHSNATONASDANASAMicrowave Humidity Soundermust be open to the benefit of all peoples and countriesNorth Atlantic Treaty Organization of the Earth irrespective of their degree of economic,National Space Development Agency social, cultural, scientific and technologicalof Japandevelopment. The information obtained should not beNational Aeronautics and Space used to the detriment of any country or peoplesAdministrationregardless whether the public (including the military)National Meteorological Service sector or the civil sector is concerned. The UnitedNations and their specialized agencies,Intergovernmental Organizations, Non-GovernmentalOrganizations, countries and peoples must beencouraged in all aspects to undertake remote sensingactivities not only for scientific research, educationalprograms, and meteorological observation but also forcommercial activities. International cooperation isfundamental to global expanding remote sensingservices, and it is important and necessary that at anytime more States can participate in this activity not onlyas an owner of satellites, but also as an operator ofremote sensing services, etc. The 21st century will bethe century of expanding global remote sensing servicesand lawyers of the world must be familiar with spacelaw in order to be able to formulate domesticregulations in their countries with respect to spaceactivities which have commercial application. To thenext UNISPACE Conference global remote sensingservices will be a reality in the same sense as spacetelecommunication services are a reality to theUNISPACE III Conference today.NMSNOAA National Oceanographic andAtmospheric AdministrationNPOESS National Polar OrbitingEnvironmental Satellite SystemNRO National Reconnaissance OfficeOMI Ozone Monitoring InstrumentPOES Polar-orbiting OperationalEnvironmental SatelliteSAR Synthetic Aperture RadarSARSATSatellite-Aided Search and RescueSBUV Solar Backscatter Ultra VioletMonitorSEM Space Environment MonitorUSSPACECOM United States Space CommandWMO World Meteorological OrganizationCommentary PaperCarlos H. Rebellon BetancourtIn view of this important activity it is urgent andnecessary to clarify the legal situation with respect toremote sensing activities with an international treaty inaddition to existing space law and principles ofinternational law. Thereby the present fragile reality ofthe Remote Sensing Principles as contained in UnitedNations Resolution 41/65 could be changed. ThesePrinciples are considered by many lawyers as bindingcustomary law. For others this is not the case becauseUnited Nations Resolutions are not considered to beobligatory and binding - they are an expression ofgeneral principles only. It is important that globalexpanding remote sensing services are firmly linkedwith space law as well as general international law andnot only with the rules of the commercial market.Global expanding remote sensing services must rulewithout any kind of restriction in the sense that theyCommentary PaperAlexander V. YakovenkoThe UN Principles on Remote Sensing of the Earth bySatellites play an important role in international spacecooperation today. In Russia, for example, no specificlegislation concerning Remote Sensing exists.Therefore, the Principles are directly applicable to theregulation of this important matter.Nevertheless, notwithstanding the fact that a greatmany countries are acting in approximately the samemanner, the Principles are not to be regarded as true
Page 3 and 4:
ST/SPACE/2Office for Outer Space Af
Page 5:
IntroductionThe Workshop on Space L
Page 11 and 12:
CONCLUSIONS AND PROPOSALS OF THEWOR
Page 13:
3between public and private law and
Page 16 and 17:
6provide for the application of int
Page 18 and 19:
8obstacles that impede ratification
Page 21 and 22:
SESSION ONEExisting United Nations
Page 23 and 24:
EXISTING UNITED NATIONS TREATIES: S
Page 25 and 26:
Page 27 and 28:
Page 29 and 30:
Page 31 and 32:
Page 33 and 34:
Page 35 and 36:
Page 37 and 38:
Page 39:
EXPANDING GLOBAL LAUNCH SERVICESSES
Page 42 and 43:
36 EXPANDING GLOBAL LAUNCH SERVICES
Page 44 and 45:
Page 46 and 47:
Page 48 and 49:
Page 50 and 51:
Page 52 and 53:
Page 54 and 55:
48low earth orbit. This commercial
Page 56 and 57:
Page 58 and 59:
Page 60 and 61:
Page 62 and 63:
Page 64 and 65:
Page 67:
EXPANDING GLOBAL COMMUNICATIONS SER
Page 70 and 71:
64 EXPANDING GLOBAL COMMUNICATIONS
Page 72 and 73:
Page 74 and 75:
Page 76 and 77:
Page 78 and 79:
Page 80 and 81: 74 EXPANDING GLOBAL COMMUNICATIONS
Page 96 and 97: EXPANDING GLOBAL COMMUNICATIONS SER
Page 100 and 101: A resource management/administratio
Page 103 and 104: SESSION FOURExpanding Global Remote
Page 105 and 106: EXPANDING GLOBAL REMOTE SENSING SER
Page 129: EXPANDING GLOBAL REMOTE SENSING SER
Page 135: THE ROLES OF INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZA
Page 138 and 139: 132 THE ROLE OF INTERNATIONAL ORGAN
Page 161 and 162: SESSION SIXExpanding Global Navigat
Page 163 and 164: EXPANDING GLOBAL NAVIGATION SERVICE
Page 181 and 182:
EXPANDING GLOBAL NAVIGATION SERVICE
Page 183 and 184:
EXPANDING GLOBAL NAVIGATION SERVICE
Page 185:
POSSIBLE INTERNATIONAL REGULATORYFR
Page 188 and 189:
182 POSSIBLE INTERNATIONAL REGULATO
Page 190 and 191:
Page 192 and 193:
Page 194 and 195:
Page 196 and 197:
Page 198 and 199:
Page 200 and 201:
POSSIBLE INTERNATIONAL REGULATORY F
Page 203 and 204:
SESSION EIGHTMaintaining the Space
Page 205 and 206:
MAINTAINING THE SPACE ENVIRONMENT 1
Page 207 and 208:
Page 209 and 210:
Page 211 and 212:
Page 213 and 214:
Page 215 and 216:
Page 217 and 218:
Page 219 and 220:
Page 221 and 222:
Page 223:
Page 226 and 227:
220Session 3: Wednesday. 21 July. 1
Page 229 and 230:
223Annex IITHIRD UNITED NATIONS CON
Page 231 and 232:
225No Name Address E-Mail27. Ersfel
Page 233 and 234:
227No Name Address E-Mail57. Koloso
Page 235 and 236:
229No Name Address E-Mail86. Noack,
Page 237 and 238:
231No Name Address E-Mail117. Steph
show all

Proceedings of the Workshop - United Nations Office for Outer ...

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?