View cases - Stewart McKelvey

(b) Qualitative Differences Between Individuals and Associations DoNot Change the Individual Nature of Freedom of Association.......................... 181(2) Section 2(d) Protects Freedoms Rather Than Rights...............................................188(3) Section 2(d) Does Not Privilege Some Associations Over Others..........................203(4) Section 2(d) Does Not Give Constitutional Status to Contracts..............................216(5) Courts Have Afforded the Legislature Significant Deference in the Applicationof Section 2(d) to the Field of Labour Relations .....................................................219B. The Reasons Advanced in Health Services Do Not Support ConstitutionalizingCollective Bargaining Under Section 2(d) of the Charter.............................................231(1) The Continuing Validity of Past Precedents on the Scope ofSection 2(d)..............................................................................................................233(2) Canadian Labour History Does Not Support Constitutionalizing CollectiveBargaining Rights ..........................................................................................................234(3) International Law Does Not Support ConstitutionalizingCollective Bargaining Rights...................................................................................247(4) Charter Values Cannot Be Invoked to Support Constitutionalizing CollectiveBargaining Rights ....................................................................................................251C. The Approach in Health Services Is Unworkable..........................................................256(1) The Problem Of Constitutionalizing One Part of the WagnerModel .......................................................................................................................257(2) The Untenable Distinction Between Substance And Process..................................263V. The Charter Protects a Voluntary Association of Workers Whose Objectives Areto Improve Wages and Working Conditions .................................................................270VI. Summary........................................................................................................................275VII. Application to the Present Case .....................................................................................276VIII. Conclusion .....................................................................................................................296Reasons of Deschamps J.......................................................................................................297I. Interpreting Health Services ..........................................................................................298II. Approach From Dunmore..............................................................................................313Reasons of Abella J. ..............................................................................................................3212011 SCC 20 (CanLII)