Beer : Health and Nutrition

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Beer as Part of the Diet 13 This type of campaigning by the Brewers Society stressed the social element of beer as much as anything. There was scienti c understanding of the composition of beer and brewers realised that it could make a contribution to dietary intake of various key components, as you would expect from ‘just another’ foodstuff. The Brewer’s Journal in 1939 reported (on the basis of a study by the Royal Society) that a barrel of beer was the equivalent in cumulative nutritive value of 10 pounds of beef ribs, 8 pounds of shoulder mutton, 4 pounds of cheese, 20 pounds of potatoes, 1 pound of rump steak, 3 pounds of rabbit, 3 pounds of plaice, 8 pounds of bread, 3 pounds of butter, 6 pounds of chicken and 19 eggs (Glover 2003). At that time the body of evidence was not available that now indicates that the moderate intake of beer has a clear impact in preventing certain diseases. Getting beer into perspective As my friend and colleague, Michael Lewis, is wont to say: ‘There is nothing so disgusting as a drunken brewer.’ I would go further, for the state of drunkenness is neither pretty nor conscionable in anybody. It is socially unacceptable, ugly and dangerous. Stuttaford (1997) tells of how medical students memorise the various stages of drunkenness: ‘dry and decent, delighted and devilish, delinquent and disgusting, dizzy and delirious, dazed and dejected, and dead drunk’. Excessive consumption of alcohol can be fatal. At the very least it can lead to an unfortunate lack of inhibitions. Most extensively publicised of course are the incidences of drunken driving. There is no question that consumption of alcohol and driving do not mix. The legally permitted levels of alcohol consumption vary considerably between countries (Table 1.2). The safest option is to avoid alcohol completely when intending to drive. Interestingly, alcohol appears to play a part in 15% of fatal crashes in the UK where the legal drinking age is 18, but more than 30% in the US where the legal drinking age is 21 (Barr 1999). There is ample evidence that drinking any alcoholic beverage to excess is harmful (Table 1.3). However, so too is the overconsumption of any dietary component or the pursuit of many activities to excess. It is a fact that drunkenness has been around for millennia (Roueche 1960). The Chinese Shu Ching from about 650 BC said that: Men will not do without kiu (a beer made from millet or rice). To prohibit it and secure total abstinence from it is beyond the power even of sages. Here, therefore, we have warnings on the abuse of it. The Mongolian chief, Genghis Khan, stated: A soldier must not get drunk oftener than once a week. It would, of course, be better if he did not get drunk at all, but one should not expect the impossible.
14 Chapter One Table 1.2 Legal limits for blood alcohol content of drivers. Country Limit (mg/mL) Country Limit (mg/mL) Albania 0.1 Lithuania 0.4 Argentina 0.5 Luxembourg 0.8 Armenia 0 Malta 0.8 Australia 0.5 Moldova 0.3 Austria 0.5 The Netherlands 0.5 Azerbaijan 0 New Zealand 0.8 Belarus 0.5 Norway 0.2 Belgium 0.5 Peru 0.5 Bosnia and Herzegovina 0.5 Poland 0.5 Bulgaria 0.5 Portugal 0.5 Canada 0.8 Romania 0 Croatia (Republic of) 0.5 Russia ‘drunkenness’ Czech Republic 0 Singapore 0.8 Denmark 0.5 Slovak Republic 0 Estonia 0 Slovenia 0.5 Finland 0.5 South Africa 0.5 France 0.5 South Korea 0.5 Georgia 0.3 Spain 0.5 Germany 0.5 Sweden 0.2 Greece 0.5 Switzerland 0.8 Hungary 0 Thailand 0.5 Iceland 0.5 Turkey 0.5 Ireland 0.8 Turkmenistan 0.3 Israel 0.5 United Kingdom 0.8 Italy 0.5 United States 0.8 Kyrgyzstan 0 Zimbabwe 0.8 Latvia 0.5 Source: International Center for Alcohol Policies (2002). Table 1.3 Harmful effects of alcohol. • Traf c accidents, falls, drowning • Nervous system: cerebral, cerebellar, brain stem degeneration; optic atrophy; polyneuropathy; pellagra • Digestive system: hepatitis; fatty degeneration of liver; cirrhosis; pancreatitis; peptic ulcer • Cancers: mouth, pharynx, larynx, oesophagus, liver, colon (?), breast (?) • Cardiomyopathy, hypertension • Myopathy, porphyria, fetal alcohol syndrome Source: Bamforth (2002). Such pragmatic approaches sit uncomfortably with a good many people. However, in a mature and far-sighted society, it is only by confronting these issues that rational and realistic solutions and practices will emerge. It is relevant at this point to consider statistics concerning drunkenness and instances of drink-related driving. Table 1.4 highlights that the current situation in the UK is far healthier in respect of all drunkenness offences than 25 years ago. Furthermore, the number of drivers involved in accidents that register above the legal limit for alcohol
Page 1 and 2: Beer Health and Nutrition C. W. Bam
Page 3 and 4: From man’s sweat and God’s love
Page 5 and 6: © 2004 Blackwell Science Ltd a Bla
Page 8 and 9: Contents Preface ix Acknowledgement
Page 10 and 11: Preface John Hudson peered at me ov
Page 12 and 13: Preface xi that incorporates a glas
Page 14: Acknowledgements Thanks to Lou Griv
Page 17 and 18: 2 Chapter One In many cultures, esp
Page 19 and 20: 4 Chapter One nicotinic acid and ri
Page 21 and 22: (a) Fig. 1.1 Marketing slogans from
Page 23 and 24: (a) 8 Chapter One Fig. 1.2 (a)-(e)
Page 25 and 26: (c) 10 Chapter One Fig. 1.2 (Contin
Page 27: (e) 12 Chapter One Fig. 1.2 (Contin
Page 31 and 32: 16 Chapter One Table 1.5 Results of
Page 33 and 34: 18 Chapter One critically injure op
Page 35 and 36: 20 Chapter One Fortunately there ar
Page 37 and 38: 22 Chapter One well return to a sty
Page 39 and 40: 24 Chapter One of alcoholic parents
Page 41 and 42: 26 Chapter One same way, a wife bea
Page 43 and 44: 28 Chapter One of tolerance, accept
Page 45 and 46: 2 Beer Through History It seems tha
Page 47 and 48: 32 Chapter Two In those far-off tim
Page 49 and 50: 34 Chapter Two In Norman times ale
Page 51 and 52: 36 Chapter Two able to materials su
Page 53 and 54: 38 Chapter Two had a calori c value
Page 55 and 56: 40 Chapter Two (b) Fig. 2.1 (Contin
Page 57 and 58: 42 Chapter Two Temperance pressures
Page 59 and 60: 44 Chapter Two Table 2.2 Estimated
Page 61 and 62: 46 Chapter Two It was Dr Benjamin R
Page 63 and 64: 48 Chapter Two US was in t state to
Page 65 and 66: 50 Chapter Three Table 3.1 Composit
Page 67 and 68: 52 Chapter Three or ascorbic acid (
Page 69 and 70: 54 Chapter Three and malt, and will
Page 71 and 72: Table 3.4 National Primary Drinking
Page 73 and 74: 58 Chapter Three Table 3.4 (Continu
Page 75 and 76: Table 3.4 (Continued.) 60 Chapter T
Page 77 and 78: 62 Chapter Three Notes 1 De nitions
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64 Chapter Three Fig. 3.3 Outline o
Page 81 and 82:
66 Chapter Three Malting The rst st
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68 Chapter Three grainy characters
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70 Chapter Three are fermented at v
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72 Chapter Three later). By measuri
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74 Chapter Three Table 3.8 (Continu
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76 Chapter Three Table 3.10 Alcohol
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78 Chapter Three Table 3.12 Average
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80 Chapter Three Carbohydrates Whil
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82 Chapter Three Lipids Barley cont
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84 Chapter Three fatty acids. Addit
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4 The Basics of Human Nutrition If
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Table 4.1 Nutritional recommendatio
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90 Chapter Four Fig. 4.2 The Medite
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92 Chapter Four acids (which the hu
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94 Chapter Four Fibre The term is u
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5 The Composition of Beer in Relati
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98 Chapter Five Table 5.1 Calorific
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100 Chapter Five Table 5.2 Calorifi
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102 Chapter Five Table 5.4 Calorifi
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104 Chapter Five fuel by the liver
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106 Chapter Five Water The recommen
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108 Chapter Five Stringer (1946) no
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110 Chapter Five Table 5.9 Mineral
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112 Chapter Five Fibre Various poly
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114 Chapter Five Table 5.14 Phenoli
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116 Chapter Five An antioxidant-ric
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118 Chapter Five Table 5.16 Levels
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6 The Impact of Alcohol on Health I
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122 Chapter Six containing rather m
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124 Chapter Six who have been the s
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126 Chapter Six the European Parado
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128 Chapter Six somewhat lower in m
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130 Chapter Six et al. (1999) went
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132 Chapter Six prime class among t
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134 Chapter Six the blood pressure
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136 Chapter Six Through adaptation,
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138 Chapter Six contain signi cant
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140 Chapter Six Juhl et al. (2001)
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142 Chapter Six Brain and cognitive
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144 Chapter Six Table 6.4 Amine con
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146 Chapter Six Alcohol encourages
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148 Chapter Six ethanol beverages s
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150 Chapter Six We might compare th
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152 Chapter Six cancer cells, indic
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154 Chapter Six of the reactivity o
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156 Chapter Seven interesting to se
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158 Chapter Seven It is not my inte
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160 References Barefoot JC, Gronbae
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162 References Clarren SK & Smith D
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164 References Fernandez JL & Simps
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166 References Halsted CH (2003) Al
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168 References Kaplan N (1991) Bash
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170 References Longnecker M & MacMa
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172 References O’Farrell TJ, Klei
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174 References Rodriguez RJ, Mirand
Page 191 and 192:
176 References Tabata N, Ito M, Tom
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178 References Woodson K, Albanes D
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180 Index balance, in the diet 95,
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182 Index headaches 144 healthcare
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184 Index sports drinks, low alcoho
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