Scandinavian-Britain

122 SCANDINAVIAN BRITAINhas been suggested by the Rev. E. Maule Cole thatWetwang in the East Riding was once a "place ofsummons " for some crime committed there, preservingthe Icelandic word vatt-vangr. Sites named " Lund "possibly indicate sacred :groves there are such inHolderness, near Beverley, near Selby, in Amounderness,in Furness, between Dent and Sedbergh, andnear Appleby in Westmorland here, perhaps, early:settlers, like Th6rir at Lund in Iceland, " worshippedthe grove" (Landndma, iii. 17). But the namesin -ergh and -ark, by writers of the past generationsupposed to mean horgr, "a shrine," are simply dairyfarmserg, i.e. setr, as Orkn. Saga explains, and asDr. Colley March has shown conclusively.North Lancashire was part of Craven, and carucated.South Lancashire in Domesday had six hundreds, andboth carucates and hides are mentioned. ProfessorMaitland thought (Domesday Book and Beyond, p. 470)that the hides were recent. But Lancashire in Halfdan'sday was merely an unimportant part of Deira ;its broad mosslands were not taken up until thecoming of the Norse in 900 (p. 191). Cumberland andWestmorland also were little colonised by the Danes ;a few relics show immigration at this early age by theStainmoor route, but the Danes at first do not seemto have ventured to settle far from their town centres,and the wilder scenery and rougher Celtic populationof the west had no attractions for them. Symeon ofDurham (sub anno 1092) notes that the city of Carlislehad remained uninhabited for 200 years after itsdestruction by the Danes, until William Rufus re-