Scandinavian-Britain

CUMBERLAND AND WESTMORLAND 207Irish-Viking in origin, the Orton Scar penannularfibula, now possessed by the Society of Antiquaries;" "the two great thistle fibulae from the neighbourhoodof Penrith, now in the British Museum, and athird, of great size but without the thistle ornament,found near Kirkby Lonsdale and owned by theBishop of Barrow. All these seem to be relics ofthe Norse occupation of the tenth century, to whichdate they may be referred.We have noticed the conquest of Strathclyde byOlaf the White and Ivar " the Boneless " in 870, andseen that in 875-880the bearers of St. Cuthbert'srelics could travel in Cumberland and Galloway withouthindrance, though driven from Northumberlandby heathen Danes. By that time, however, Norsefrom Ireland must have already begun to settle inGalloway, and possibly in Cumberland, though perhapsin small numbers, and already under the influenceof Irish Christianity. It was about or soonafter the close of the pilgrimage of Eardwulf andEadred Lulisc that, according to the sagas, HaraldFairhair invaded the Hebrides and Man. "He camefirst by Shetland, and slew there all the Vikings whofled not from under him. Thence sailed Harald theking south to the Orkneys and cleared them all ofVikings. After that he went throughout the Hebridesand harried there; he slew there many Vikings whoruled over hosts erewhile. He fought many battlesand always won them. Then he harried in Scotlandand fought battles there. But when he came west toMan, there they had already heard what harrying he