Scandinavian-Britain

174 SCANDINAVIAN BRITAINnot conciliate Northumbria. In spite of the Norseelement which Dr. J6n Stefansson's analysis of the"Festermen" (p. 165) appears to suggest, the peopleof Yorkshire and surrounding districts (Cumberlandmust be left out of England until after the reign ofWilliam I.)were pro-Danish and not pro-Norse, as thebattle of Fulford proved. Gospatric, Merlesvein, andArchill (Arnkill) the chief landholder hold, as hewould have been called a century earlier invitedKing Svein of Denmark to intervene. Whether theyintended Eadgar ^Etheling to be placed on the throne,or whether they would have preferredwith Denmark, is doubtful.At first,direct relationsthe movement seemed to die away with thesubmission of Eadwine, M6rkari, Archill, and thebishop of Durham, and the flight of Eadgar ^Etheling,Gospatric and Merlesvein to Scotland. York andLincoln received William and gave hostages, amongwhom was perhaps Thurgod, known later as bishopof St. Andrews and biographer of St. Margaret ofScotland, who escaped from Lincoln Castle, and tookship at Grimsby, to the surprise of certain ambassadorsfrom William to King Olaf when they chanced to findhim on board (see the story in Symeon's Hist. Regum,s.a. 1074). Meanwhile the sons of King Harold ofEngland, who had taken refuge at Dublin, returnedwith a fleet to attack Bristol and the southwest, asthey did again next year, to little purpose. But inthe Normans in1069, after a fresh rising againstDurham and York, King Svein at last despatched hispromised contingent. The fleet under his brother