Scandinavian-Britain

THE EARLDOM OF ORKNEY 247(p. 250) or about 1000. Not until half a century laterwas there a bishop, Henry (see Orkney and ShetlandOld Lore, Jan. 1907, Diploinatarium, p. i),appointed by the see of York, followed by Thorolf,appointed 1056 by the archbishop of Bremen.Christ's Kirk, in Birsay, the first church known tohave been built by the Norse, dates from a littleafter 1050, though Dietrichson and Meyer (MonumentaOrcadica, Christiania, 1906) think that theremayhave been a somewhat earlier St. Olafs churchin Kirkwall, and three tiny Norse chapels on Sandaydating from the heathen time, but later than thePictish period because they are built with mortar.St.Magnus' church at Egilsey, dated by Dr. Andersonabout 1000, isthought by Dietrichson and Meyer tobe not earlier than 1135, though an earlier churchexisted on the spot.The same authors find remains to illustrate everyperiod of Orkney history. At Toftsness on Sanday,the nearest point to Norway, seems to have been thefirst Norse settlement, a populous place on the site ofa previous Celtic village, and defended by a stonerampart resembling pre-historic fortifications inNorway. This is still called Coligarth, in 1693written Cuningsgar, and obviously meaning "theking's garth." At Tranaby are interments of theheathen age known as "the Bloody Tuacks," andIvar's Knowe on Sanday may be the grave of Ivar,son of jarl Ragnvald of Mceri, killed in the expeditionwhich brought the islands under the powerof Harald Fairhair. As weregild for his son, Harald