Scandinavian-Britain

1 66 SCANDINAVIAN BRITAINeleventh century by Norwegians and Icelanders, hadbeen shortened by that time to -kil or -kel in Danishand Swedish, and the full form is found here inAlfcetel, Arcetel, Ascetel, Audcetel, Cetel, Grimcetel,Roscetel, Ulfcetel, Thorcetel. Judged by their occurrenceelsewhere some of the names represent Norwegiansrather than Danes :Asbeorn, Beorn, Barad,Blih (Bligr), Colbrand, Berhdor (Bergthor), Halwaerd(Hallvard), Raganald, Tholf (Th6r61f) others are;rather Danish than Norse : Fardain (equivalent toFarman, " trader"), Folcer, Merlesuuan, Siuerd, Snel ;while the rest of those which are not Anglo-Saxonmay be either Danish or Norse :Ailaf, Ana, Arner(Arnthor), Asmund, Forna, Gamal, Grim, Gunner,Hawer (Havard), Justan, Lefer (Leifr), Osulf, Ulf,Ulfer, Thor (Th6rir). Many more Old Norse namesare given in the Durham Liber Vita, the earliest partof which is of the tenth century. Dr. Stefanssonthinks that the Norse element here represented hadbeen long in Yorkshire, and not recently come in withjarl Eirik Hakonarson. In that case, however, onewould expect their language and names to have beenassimilated to the general use in Northumbria at thetime, and not to show dialectic differences latelyevolved in the homes they had left many generationsearlier. Travel and trade must have already broughtNorwegians into England, but we must be careful notto over-estimate the Norse in Yorkshire at this date,remembering that forty years later Norwegians werereceived as enemies but Danes as friends.Hordakniit was as unfavourable an example of a