Scandinavian-Britain

CHESHIRE AND LANCASHIRE 197Round's Feudal England, p. 465), and the Scandinaviancharacter of Chester is shown by the fact thatitwas ruled by "lawmen," as were the Five Boroughs.A second Norse colony, of which we have no historicalrecord, must have existed north of the Mersey.Thingwall, east of Liverpool, would be a convenientcentre for a number of places with names such as Roby,(West) Derby, Kirkby, Crosby, Formby, Kirkdale,Toxteth (Stockestede in Domesday] and Croxteth (notstaithes, being inland), Childwall (Cildeuuelle, Kelduvellir),Diglake, Harbreck, Ravensmeols, Ormskirk,Altcar (Acrer), Carrside, Cunscough (Skogr), Skelmersdale(Schelmeresdele, Skdlmyrrsdalr). Of forty-fiveplace-names in West Derby Hundred mentioned inDomesday, five are Anglo-Saxon and ten are Scandinavian;the rest might be interpreted in either dialect.In the remainder of South Lancashire all the names inDomesday are Anglo-Saxon, but there are only twelvealtogether, for the land was partly waste at the timeand partly free from assessment. Hence, when welook at the map, we can recognise a great number ofNorse names which do not appear in Domesday : some,no doubt, were later settlements and owe their Scandinavianform to the persistence of the dialect, butmany must be original. Of the persons named in thesurvey, three of the landowners in West Derby haveScandinavian names ;three more are probably Scandinavian,whilst seven are Anglo-Saxon. In Warringtonsix " drengs " have Norman names, and one Scandinavian;but the word "dreng" itself is Scandinavian,and the tenure indicates the survival of old relations