36 Drying of Wood

Doe, P.E., Oliver, A.R., and Booker, J.D., 1996a. A nonlinealstrain and moisture content model of variablehardwood drying schedules, Proceedings of theFourth IUFRO Wood Drying Conference, Rotorua,New Zealand, pp. 203–210.Doe, P.D., Booker, J.D., Innes, T.C., and Oliver, A.R.,1996b. Optimal lumber seasoning using acousticemission sensing and real-time strain modelling,Proceedings of the Fifth International IUFRO WoodDrying Conference, Québec, Canada, pp. 209–212.Dullien, F.A.L., 1992. Porous Media: Fluid Transport andPore Structure, 2nd ed., Academic Press, London.Fengel D. and Wegener, G., 1984. Wood: Chemistry, Ultrastructure,Reactions, de Gruyter, Berlin.Forest Products Laboratory, 1999, Wood handbook—Wood as an engineering material. General TechnicalReport FPL-GTR-113, U.S. Department ofAgriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory,Madison, WI, 463 pp.Fumoto, H., Perng, W.R., Sebastian, L.P., 1984. Studies onFlow in Wood VIII. Air permeability and polymerpenetration of jack and red pines, MokuzaiGakkaishi, 30:646–652.Genevaux, J.-M., 1989. Le fluage à température linéairementcroissante: Caractérisation des sources de viscoélasticitéanisotrope du bois (Creep tests at increasingtemperature: determination of the sources of viscoelasticanisotropy in wood), Thèse de Doctorat del’Institut Nationnal Polytechnique de Lorraine,Nancy.Geoffrey, M.I., 1984. The glass transition of lignin andhemicellulose and their measurement by differentialthermal analysis, Wood Chem., 67(5): 118–121.Goring, D.A.I., 1963. Thermal softening of lignin, hemicelluloseand cellulose, Pulp and Paper Mag. Canada,T517–T527.Grace, C., 1996. Drying characteristics of heartwood, M.E.(Chen) thesis, University of Canterbury, NewZealand.Guilmain, C., Baixeras, O., and Jomaa,W., 1996. Discontinuousand convective vacuum drying of oak: experimentaland modelling studies, Proceedings ofthe Fifth International IUFRO Wood Drying Conference,Québec, Canada, pp. 147–157.Hanhijärvi, A., 1999. Deformation properties of Finnishspruce and pine wood in tangential and radialdirections in association to high temperaturedrying, part II: experimental results underconstant conditions, Holz als Roh- Werks., 57:365–372.Haslett, A.N., 1998. Drying radiata pine in New Zealand:research and commercial aspects, FRI Bull., 206,NZFRI, Rotorua, New Zealand.Hedlund, B.A., 1996. Temperature and final moisture contentdistributions in vacuum driers with differentfan configurations, Proceedings of the Fifth InternationalIUFRO Wood Drying Conference, Québec,Canada, pp. 159–167.Hidayat, S. and Simpson, W.T., 1994. Use of green moisturecontent and basic specific gravity to group tropicalwoods for kiln drying, USDA FS Forest ProductsLaboratory Research Note RN-0263, Madison,WI.Hilderbrand, R., 1989. Die Schnittholztrocknung (The Dryingof Sawn Timber). Hilderbrand Maschinenbau,Nürtingen.Hoadley, R.B., 1980. Understanding wood, a craftsman’sguide to wood technology. The Taunton Press,Newtown, Connecticut, 256pp.Holmes, W.S. and Riley, S.G., 1996. Microwave method forin-kiln moisture content measurement, Proceedingsof the Fifth International IUFRO Wood Drying Conference,Québec, Canada, pp. 255–259.Imré, L., 1995. Solar drying, in Mujumdar, A.S. (Eds.), Drying’84, Hemisphere, Washington, D.C., pp. 373–452.Irvine, G.M., 1984. The glass transitions of lignin andhemicellulose and their measurements by differentialthermal analysis, Tappi J., 67(5): 118–121.Joly, P. and More-Chevalier, F., 1980. Théorie, pratique etéconomie du séchage des bois (Theory, Practice andEconomics of Wood Drying), H.Vidal éditeur, Paris.Jomaa, W. and Baixeras, O., 1997. Discontinuous vacuumdrying of oakwood: modelling and experimentalinvestigations, Drying Technol., 15: 2129–2144.Josza, L.A. and Middleton, G.R., 1994. A discussion ofwood quality attributes and their practical implications,Forintek Canada Special Publ. SP-34.Kamke, F.A., Casey, L.J., 1988. Gas pressure and temperaturein the mat during flakeboard manufacture,Forest Products Journal, 38:41–43.Keey, R.B., 1968. Batch drying with air recirculation,Chem. Eng. Sci., 23: 1299–1308.Keey, R.B., 1978. Introduction to Industrial Drying Operations,Pergamon, Oxford.Keey, R.B., 2003. Growing pains: developing strategies todry fast-grown softwood, Proceedings of the SecondNordic Drying Conference, Copenhagen, Denmark,25–27 June.Keey, R.B. and Pang, S., 1994. The high-temperature dryingof softwood boards in a kiln-wide model, Trans.IChemE., 72A: 741–753.Keey, R.B., Langrish, T.A.L., and Walker, J.C.F., 2000.The Kiln-Drying of Lumber, Springer, Berlin.Kho, P.C.S., Keey, R.B., and Walker, J.C.S., 1990. Thevariation of local mass-transfer coefficients instreamwise direction over a series of in-line bluntslabs, Proceedings of the Chemeca Conference,Auckland, New Zealand, pp. 348–355.Kollmann, F.P. and Côté, W.A., 1968. Principles of WoodScience and Technology, Solid Wood, Vol. 1,Springer, Berlin.Kröll, K., 1978. Trockner und Trocknungsverfahren (Dryersand Drying Processes), 2nd ed., Springer, Berlin.Langrish, T.A.G., 1999. The significance of gaps betweenboards in determining the moisture content profilesin the drying of hardwood timber, Drying Technol.,17: 1481–1494.Langrish, T.A.G. and Keey, R.B., 1992, A solar-heated kilnfor drying New Zealand hardwoods, Trans IPENZChem./Elec./Mech., 18: 9–14.ß 2006 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.