Education Education An approach to some basic Indicators for ...

Catalog of indicators Introduction 7 3. Maternal mortality ratio per100,000 live birth10. Prevalence of major communicabledisease by sex and disease4. Under-five mortality rate by sex 11. Birth delivered assisted by skilledpersonal rate5. Immunization rate againstinfectious childhood disease by sexand immunization6. Accessibility to treatment, by sex,illness/deficiency and grade oftreatment7. Percentage of women withnutritional problem by cause12. Percentage of population usedcontraceptive method by sex and method13. Abortion rate14. Density of health personnel1.3.4. Work and Employment or Work and Labor sector(s)The labor issue is a central theme in the detection and dismantling the gender inequalities. Inthis sense, it is necessary to set the "traditional" differentiation between "productive labor"and "reproductive work". Almost exclusively women perform reproductive work, while bothwomen and men are at productive works. Then, speaking of "work" we find a very firstsegregation by gender, beyond the existing segregation in the "productive work" or "labormarket".The relevance of the gender category at the macro level lies in its function of linking twodimensions that are complementary to the economy. On the one hand, the gender approachguarantees the existence of a non-remunerated work sphere, called reproductive work,where the labor force is reproduced and put into circulation; and on the other, it conditionsalternatives in the remunerated work sphere, called productive labor. The intersection ofthese two spheres places women in a subordinated and disadvantaged position with regardto access and control of certain material and non-material resources necessary to reach ahigh level of well-being.In most societies women assume the majority of the responsibility of reproductivelabor involved in taking care of children and the home, tasks that tend to be perceived asfemales' natural function without any economic/social value. It is considered that the worksof reproductive nature do not generate income or status. Domestic or reproductive work isalready considered by the OECD as an indicator of economic development (Society andGlance report 2011), creating potential for improving productivity and GDP of a country. Timeuse surveys are measurement tools to help design public and monitor policies, and give amore balanced view of well-being across different societies. Unpaid work - and especially thegender division of unpaid work - is to some extent related to a country's development level.The invisibility of female activity is determined by two factors are not considered relevant orgenerating benefits for the economy and structural discrimination that relegates women tosecond place of employment, labor and the economy (Cooking, Caring and Volunteering:Unpaid Work Around the World. Veerle, Miranda; OCDE. 2011). Such an arrangement has led