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2 Catalog of indicators Introduction 1.1. What are gender indicators?Various conceptions have been created when it come to definition of indicator. CIDA (1997)defines it as “...a pointer. It can be a measurement, a number, a fact, an opinion or aperception that points at a specific condition or situation, and measures changes in thatcondition or situation over time”.“An indicator is an item of data that summaries a large amount of information in a singlefigure, in such a way as to give an indication of change over time, and in comparison to anorm”, Tony Beck (1999).Despite these slight differences, the definitions share the same characteristic: an indicator isa tool for measuring a phenomenon (a specific situation/opinion/perception) with or withoutits changes overtime.A Gender indicator 2 is a kind of indicator that measures gender-related changes within asociety with time perspective. The term gender indicator separates measure between menand women on certain indicator to compare the changing trend of both sexes. It addressesthe gender gaps and inequalities sought to be redressed, requires the collection of data,disaggregated by sex, as well as by age and socio-economic and ethnic groups, taken intoaccount a long-term perspective (i.e., social change takes time); and use participatoryapproaches (UNESCO, 2003). In this case the indicators are tools and analysis that will be thebasis for visualizing the deficiencies and the improvements of the system and understandhow they affect women specifically. They also provide a situation analysis, a look of realitytoward implementing development dynamics.Thus, gender indicators are essential tools to be used in any project, program, and policy toevaluate the outcome of gender-focused and mainstream interventions, assess challenges tosuccess, and adjust program and policies, and activities to better achieve gender equalitygoals and reduce adverse impacts on women and men. It's also important in that it build thecase for taking gender (in)equality seriously, for enabling better planning and actions bygender and non-gender specialists, and for holding institutions accountable to theircommitments on gender. Gender indicators can also make activities visible in which one ofthe sexes/genders may predominate because of gender norms; they may show the ambitsrequiring from political intervention.Gender indicators, as the rest of indicators, shall contain three characteristics:- they should be able to measure what it’s wanted to be measured,- they should be able to explain those aspects of reality that are wanted to bemeasured, and- they should be able to measure exactly what it’s wanted to be measured and whatit’s important.2 Sometimes they’re called “Gender-‐responsible” or “gender-‐sensitive” indicators – and they’re definitions can take us into confusion, since some take into mind gender based relations and others only produce sex disaggregated data, which doesn’t mean that gender relations are taken into mind.
Catalog of indicators Introduction 3 In addition and according to the use we want for the proposed indicators, the need toprovide analytical perspectives medium to long term, with the aim of formulating remedialpolicies, i.e. function as tools of forecasting and planning.Going to indicators classifications, there’re qualitative and quantitative indicators; in the workshown in the present catalogue, we have centered mainly on quantitative indicatorsaccording to the objective of promoting and enforcing the statistics resources existing inCambodia today.1.2. What can gender indicators be used for?The definition and use of gender indicators plays a fundamental role to improve the effortworking towards gender equality. On one hand, well-built indicators highlight the key aspectson which political and practical actions shall focus their attention with the support of objectiveand scientific evidences. In this meaning, indicators themselves cannot introduce changes ingender relations but can remark the aspects on which political actions should focus toincrease equality; both, qualitative and quantitative indicators are useful and necessary forthis purpose.They also are capable of showing the evolution of the processes and the impact of actions onthe social spectrum. To this regard, the systematic collection and analysis of data will providebetter basis for the design and planning of policies and strategies3 to stimulate social change.In the line of this last idea, gender indicators also have the capacity to evaluate the qualityand efficiency of the political actions designed to move towards a more equitable, balancedand just society.Indicators can be used for holding institutions accountable for their commitments on genderequality. Gender indicators and relevant data can make visible the gaps between thecommitments many governments and other institutions have made at all levels – for exampleby ratification of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination AgainstWomen (CEDAW) – and their actual implementation and impact. They can also be used tohold policy-makers accountable for their actions, or lack of action.1.3. Selecting and using gender indicatorsThe aim of producing the indicators for each one of the selected sectors is to promote andfacilitate the integration of gender issues through a useful tool to measure the achievementof gender equality. The proposed list of indicators by sectors are not exhaustive - obviously alarge number of indicators can be added to complete the study of each ambit - but the onescollected in the present document can be seen as the main ones, defining quite well theadvances in gender equity. We are quite sure that they can be refined, but they can be3 They’re also useful at program and project levels.
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