promoting gender equitable opportunities in agricultural ... - weman

Gender assessmentA term often used synonymously with gender analysis(see above) when it involves carrying out a genderanalysis on one or more specific topic or in studyingand summarizing existing gender relations (see below)in a location (community, sub-region, or nation) for thepurposes of program design. In USAID, it is also usedto describe the process of reviewing the institutionalcapabilities of an organization to identify the need forand carry out gender analyses within its programs,and the organization’s ability to monitor gender issuesthroughout the program cycle.Gender-based constraintRestrictions on men’s or women’s access to resourcesor opportunities that are based on their gender rolesor responsibilities. The term encompasses both themeasurable inequalities that are revealed by sexdisaggregateddata collection and gender analysisas well as the processes that contribute to a specificcondition of gender inequality (see below).Gender-disaggregated dataThe results of a gender analysis of sex-disaggregateddata to explain differences and determine the effect ofactivities on gender relations.Gender disparityMeasurable differences in the relative conditions betweenmen and women, especially (but not only) as they relate tothe ability to engage in economic or political opportunities,e.g., illiteracy rates, levels of land ownership, or access tofinance (see also gender inequality).Gender equityEquity involves fairness in representation, participation,and benefits afforded to men and women. USAID refersto equity strategies as the processes used to achievegender equality. The goal is that both women and manhave a fair chance of having their needs met and eachhas equal access to opportunities for realizing their fullpotential as human beings.Gender equalityThe ability of men and women to have equal opportunitiesand life chances. Since gender roles (see above) changeover time, development programming can have an impacton gender equality, either supporting it or inhibiting it.Gender exploitativeProjects that intentionally manipulate or misuseknowledge of existing gender inequalities andstereotypes in pursuit of economic outcomes. Theapproach reinforces unequal power in the relationsbetween women and men and potentially deepensexisting inequalities.Gender inequalitySee gender disparity, above.Gender integrationA process that involves identifying and then addressinggender differences and inequalities during programand project design, implementation, monitoring, andevaluation. Since the roles and relations of powerbetween men and women affect how an activity iscarried out, attending to these issues on an ongoingbasis is essential.Gender mainstreamingThe process of assessing the implications for womenand men of any planned action, including legislation,policies, or programs in any area and at all levels. Itrefers to strategies for making women's as well as men'sconcerns and experiences an integral dimension in thedesign, implementation, monitoring, and evaluation ofpolicies and programs in all political, economic, andsocial spheres such that inequality between men andwomen is not perpetuated.Gender relationsOne type of social relations between men and womenwhich are constructed and reinforced by socialinstitutions. They include the routine ways in which menand women interact with each other in social institutions:in sexual relationships, friendships, workplaces, anddifferent sectors of the economy. Gender relations aresocially determined, culturally based, and historicallyspecific. They are mediated by other identities includingethnicity, class, and age. Gender relations are shapedand reinforced by cultural, political, and economicinstitutions including the household, legal andgovernance structures, markets, and religion. Genderrelations are dynamic and change over time.124