promoting gender equitable opportunities in agricultural ... - weman

Gender rolesGender roles are the behaviors, tasks, and responsibilitiesthat are considered appropriate for women and men asa result of sociocultural norms and beliefs. Gender rolesare usually learned in childhood. Gender roles changeover time, through individual choices or as a result ofsocial and/or political changes emerging from changedopportunities (more education, different economicenvironment) or times of social upheaval (duringdisasters, in war, and in post-conflict situations).Gender-sensitive indicatorGender-sensitive indicators reveal gender-relatedchanges over time. They point to changes in the statusand roles of women and men and the extent to whichgender equity is being achieved.Gender transformativeAn approach that explicitly engages both women andmen to examine, question, and change those institutionsand norms that reinforce gender inequalities and,through that process, achieve both economic growthand gender equality objectives.Gendered economyThe idea that economic systems express or reflectthe consequences of gender relations in the socialorganization of economic institutions and activitiesfrom the household to the firm to the distribution ofresources by the state.Gendered value chain analysisAn analysis that explores the different positions andcontributions of men and women along the value chain.As used in this handbook, it not only investigates theeconomic, organization, and asymmetric relationship[s]among actors located along different points of theindustry, but also studies the relationships betweenmen and women in households and communities toidentify the relationships between these levels of socialorganization and the operation and development of theenterprises in the value chain.Input-Output matrix or modelA representation of an economy or region’s economyused to predict the changes in one industry on others.Each column of the input-output matrix reports themonetary value of an industry's inputs and each rowrepresents the value of an industry's outputs relatingthe output of one industry to the input of another.Intrahousehold dynamics ORIntrahousehold resource allocationThe decision-making processes within households thatshape the practices and outcomes of asset allocation,including both tangible and intangible assets.Market chainSometimes used synonymously with “value chain” (seebelow)SexBiological characteristics that distinguish males andfemales. Intersex is a term to describe people whohave sexual characteristics related to both males andfemales.Sex-disaggregated dataThe collection of data by physical attributes of theindividual. Disaggregating data by sex (i.e., in categoriesof males and females) permits valid cross-countrycomparisons.Sub-sectorSometimes used synonymously with “value chain” (seebelow).Supply chainSometimes used synonymously with “value chain” (seebelow)UpgradingUpgrading refers to a number of different activitiesthat result in bringing greater value to the actors at aparticular point in the value chain, including moving toa new chain, changing the mix of activities performed,increasing the efficiency of internal processes, and/orintroducing new products or improving old products.The consequence of successful upgrading is makingthe firm or the chain more competitive (see above).125