SOIL Report 2011 - ACCESS Development Services

88 State of India’s Livelihoods Report 2011Table 4.1: Poverty alleviation schemes and poverty dynamicsThe scheme seeks to:Prevent Enableentry into escape fromProgramme/schemepoverty povertyEnjoyment and self-employmentMahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee ActSwamjayanti Gram Swarozgar YojanaxSwama Jayanti Shahari Rozgar YojanaUrban Self-employment ProgrammexUrban Wage Employment ProgrammeSupport to Training and Employment Programme forxWomenSelf-help groups and microfinance x xNutrition and educationTargeted Public Distribution SystemIntegrated Child Development Services SchemeAmeliorate persistentpoverty/improvequality of lifexxMid day meals x xSarva Shiksha AbhiyanxHealth and health insuranceNational Rural Health Mission x xJanani Suraksha Yojana x xNational AIDS Control Programme III x xAam Admi Bima Yojana x xRashtriya Swasthiya Bima Yojana x xInfrastructure and basic servicesPradhan Month Gram Sadak YojanaxIndira Awaas YojanaxTotal Sanitation Campaign x xBharat NirmanxJawahar Lal Nehru Urban Renewal MissionxAccelerated Rural Water Supply x xIntegrated Watershed Management Programme x xBackward Regions Grant FundxProgrammes for specific groupsScheduled Caste Sub-plan and Tribal Sub-plan x xIntegrated Child Protection SchemexNational Old Age Pension SchemexKishori Shakti YojanaxSource: Mehta and Pratap (forthcoming).xxresults. Since the 1990s, their perceived rolein poverty alleviation has been largely overshadowedby the belief that poverty will beeradicated when economic growth tricklesdown to the poor, rather than through targetedwelfare and services. More recently,there has been a shift in focus in the povertyliterature away from ‘trickle down’ towardsthe idea of inclusive growth. The shifttowards inclusive growth has been accompaniedby a shift from targeted welfare toan entitlement and rights-based approach,whereby the poor are not the beneficiaries ofsubsidies or services, but are citizens whosecapacity must be developed to enter themarkets and access existing entitlements,irrespective of the provider.This approach recognizes that the supplyside (both public and private) cannotbe made more efficient in terms of includingthe poor except in response to a strongdemand by the poor themselves.Broadly, the poverty alleviation programmeslaunched from time to timecan be classified under two heads—selfemploymentprogrammes and wage employmentprogrammes:1. The self-employment programmes startedwith the introduction of the Integrated