SOIL Report 2011 - ACCESS Development Services

More documents

Recommendations

Info

State as the Largest Livelihoods Promoter 99Figure 4.1: NRLM delivery system in two phasesSource: Compiled from various documents of NRLM in public domain.since 2000. The government is set to spend`225 billion for the scheme as an initialinvestment over the next plan period.4.3.1. Key challenges in rolling outNRLM on a large scaleThere are several challenges in implementingNRLM as the magnitude and natureof poverty are varied. Some of the majorchallenges are already being debated at thisjuncture. These are:1. Feasibility of organizing 70 million BPLfamilies into SHGs.2. What will these SHGs do?3. What skills are required by the SHGsand their members to get meaningfulwork?4. What skill training and placement isenvisioned?5. What will be the consequence of theabsence of a sustainable employmentstrategy?6. This could be another flawed schemewhich could turn the SHGs into a vehiclefor routing other welfare programmesand highly corrupt subsidy-drivenschemes.7. At one level, such programmes are asilent acceptance of defeat in solvingthe problems of rural India, with nolong-term solutions on the difficultyof endowing the rural masses, especiallythe rural youth with the requisitemarketable vocational skills and careercounselling to make them more employable.8. It is not clear whether SHGs can movebeyond the primary production level tothe next level of high quality products,that is, services and value-added processedgoods.9. Political will at both the central and stategovernment level to ensure fund entitlementsand simple transfer of moneysans the corrupt system so that this doesnot turn into another politically drivenprogramme, leading to election slogansto win the votes.10. Is it a short cut without a back-end supportstructure and committed investmentsin education and skills to helpthe rural poor out of poverty?4.3.2. National rural livelihoodsproject in 12 statesIn 2000, the World Bank extended its supportto the state governments for the promotionof economic livelihoods, and mobilizationand delivery of services, to the poor, inselect districts of Andhra Pradesh, MadhyaPradesh and Rajasthan. Several studies
100 State of India’s Livelihoods Report 2011indicate that these initiatives have resultedin social and economic empowerment forthe rural poor, and enabled them to buildlinkages with the state and market institutions.The Implementation CompletionReports (ICRs) of the World bank on thethree initial state projects that they supportshow that these projects have resulted inhousehold savings in excess of US$ 1 billion,leveraged nearly US$ 6 billion in credit fromcommercial banks, and achieved a turnoverof US$ 1 billion in collective marketing offarm and non-farm produce. The WorldBank has invested more than US$ 1 billionover the last 10 years to create this scaledupinstitutional architecture for rural povertyreduction, and mobilized 30 millionrural poor into institutions of their own,which enables them to access livelihoodopportunities, and build social, financialand economic capital. These programmeshave resulted in social empowerment ofthe excluded castes and indigenous people,enabling them to build social and financialcapital, and increase access to growth opportunities.They have also been taken upin areas affected by internal conflicts and inthe poorest regions.Based on the lessons learnt and withthe kind of investment made by the WorldBank (`2,946 crore in livelihood missionsin India), it is now committed to supportscaling up of the scheme in 12 states,with an investment of about `5,000 crore.The government has committed to spend`22,500 crore on the scheme over the nextPlan period and is willing to increase thecorpus if the initial attempt shows favourableresults. The World Bank-supportedNational Rural Livelihoods Project (NRLP)is set to be implemented in 100 districtsand 400 blocks in 12 states with an aim ofincreasing and sustaining the income of thepoor, especially women. The new extendedNRLP will establish efficient and effectiveinstitutional platforms for the rural poor toenable them to increase household incomethrough sustainable livelihood enhancements,and improve access to financial andselected public services. The plan is to beachieved through increased membershipof the rural poor in inclusive, communitymanagedinstitutions, leveraging of financialservices, increased productive assets andbetter access to public services.Some of the 12 states have been chosenbecause of their past experience in implementingWorld Bank-supported livelihoodprojects, and where the implementationsystems are already in place (Bihar, MadhyaPradesh, Orissa and Rajasthan). Other stateshave been identified on the basis of a highincidence of poverty and large number ofrural poor (Uttar Pradesh), tribal population(Jharkhand and Chhattisgarh) andpockets of acute poverty at the sub-regionallevel combined with a pre-existing baseof substantial social capital (Karnataka,Maharashtra, West Bengal, Gujarat andAssam) (see Box 4.4).Box 4.4: Doing it differently—Gujarat government’s plan for poverty reduction throughprofitsIn the beginning of the year 2010, theGovernment of Gujarat set in motion a uniquesocial sector scheme—‘Mission Mangalam’—which brings in participation of the privatesector, and involves corporate houses in livelihoodspromotion and welfare of the ruralpoor in the state. The programme envisagedformation of SHGs in all areas of the state,linking them with banks, building their capacitiesfor sustainable livelihoods and jobsusing market mechanism and corporate houses.Thirty-two corporates, which include Reliance,Tata Motors, ITC, Fabindia, McCain Foods,Arvind Ltd. and Godrej Agrovet, agreed toshare their expertise with SHGs for skill training.The idea was to involve the private sectorin the ambitious task of poverty eradicationand women’s empowerment, and create profitable,scalable and sustainable win–win businessmodels. Initiated in 2010, Mission Mangalam
Page 2 and 3:
State of India’s Livelihoods Repo
Page 4 and 5:
State of India’s Livelihoods Repo
Page 6 and 7:
ContentsList of TablesList of Figur
Page 8 and 9:
List of Tables1.1 Growth rate of Gr
Page 10 and 11:
List of Figures1.1 Pattern of GNP a
Page 12 and 13:
List of Boxes1.1 India a country of
Page 14 and 15:
List of Abbreviations3PLADBAEPSAICT
Page 16 and 17:
List of AbbreviationsxvMKSSMoEFMoRD
Page 18 and 19:
PrefaceACCESS has been bringing out
Page 20 and 21:
Prefacexixbring out yet another vol
Page 22 and 23:
AcknowledgementsA lot of work, ener
Page 24 and 25:
State of India’sLivelihoods 2011:
Page 26 and 27:
State of India’s Livelihoods 2011
Page 28 and 29:
Page 30 and 31:
Page 32 and 33:
Page 34 and 35:
Page 36 and 37:
Page 38 and 39:
Page 40 and 41:
Livelihoods of the PoorIt is now co
Page 42 and 43:
Livelihoods of the Poor 19of employ
Page 44 and 45:
Livelihoods of the Poor 21significa
Page 46 and 47:
Livelihoods of the Poor 23last two
Page 48 and 49:
Livelihoods of the Poor 25Figure 2.
Page 50 and 51:
Livelihoods of the Poor 27If person
Page 52 and 53:
Livelihoods of the Poor 29Figure 2.
Page 54 and 55:
Livelihoods of the Poor 31Table 2.3
Page 56 and 57:
Livelihoods of the Poor 33home-base
Page 58 and 59:
Livelihoods of the Poor 35(13.4 mil
Page 60 and 61:
Livelihoods of the Poor 37on their
Page 62 and 63:
Livelihoods of the Poor 39Early exp
Page 64 and 65:
Livelihoods of the Poor 41(Chintan
Page 66 and 67:
Livelihoods of the Poor 43A study b
Page 68 and 69:
Livelihoods of the Poor 45systemati
Page 70 and 71:
Livelihoods of the Poor 47and sanit
Page 72 and 73: Livelihoods of the Poor 49dispropor
Page 74 and 75: Livelihoods of the Poor 51Figure 2.
Page 76 and 77: Livelihoods of the Poor 53make an i
Page 78 and 79: Livelihoods of the Poor 55and sanit
Page 80 and 81: Reflections onLivelihoods Policies3
Page 82 and 83: Reflections on Livelihoods Policies
Page 110 and 111: State as the LargestLivelihoods Pro
Page 112 and 113: State as the Largest Livelihoods Pr
Page 132 and 133: Private Industry andServices—What
Page 134 and 135: Private Industry and Services—Wha
Page 152 and 153: Potential andPossibilities6.1. Intr
Page 154 and 155: Potential and Possibilities 131and
Page 156 and 157: Potential and Possibilities 133thro
Page 158 and 159: Potential and Possibilities 135•
Page 160 and 161: Potential and Possibilities 137get
Page 162 and 163: Potential and Possibilities 139welf
Page 164 and 165: Potential and Possibilities 141resp
Page 166 and 167: Potential and Possibilities 143the
Page 168 and 169: Potential and Possibilities 145SN C
Page 170 and 171: Potential and Possibilities 147infr
Page 172 and 173:
Potential and Possibilities 149Saxe
Page 174 and 175:
About the Editorsand ContributorsTh
show all

SOIL Report 2011 - ACCESS Development Services

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?