Certain Electric Power Tools, Battery Cartridges, and ... - USITC

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TABLE OF CONTENTS . page 2VI1 . AVAII.4 BILITI OF COST EFFECTIVE ALTERNATIVE DESIGNS ......VI11 . ADVERTISING ............................................IX . UTILITY PATENTS ........................................X . COPYING .................................................XI . SECONDARY MEANING ......................................XI1 . CONFUSION ..............................................A Study C ............................................B Study R ............................................C . Other Confusion Evidence ...........................XI11 . INFRINGEMENT .............................................A . Alleged Connnon Law Trbd.nurka .......................1 . Cordless Drills with Removable BatteryPack ..........................................2 . Cordless Drills with Non-Removable BatteryPacks .........................................3 3/8" Corded Drills ..............................4 Finishing (Palm) Sanders ........................5 6 Cordless Grinder7 ................................Cordless Finishing Sanders8 ......................Cordleas Jigsbws9 ................................7" and 9" Angle Grinders10 ........................Routers .........................................11 7 1/4" Circular Saws12 ............................10" Miter Saws13 ...................................14" Cut-Off Saws14 ................................13 Battery Chargers16 ................................17 . Noninfringing Respondents .......................4" Disc (Sander) Grinders .......................7.2V and 9.6V Battery Cartridges ................Infringement by Respondents - Summarized ........B . Registered Trademark .................................XIV . PASSING OFF. FALSE REPRESENTATION AND FALSE ADVERTISING .XV . IMPORTATION AND SALE ....................................Panes61667171771011011051071091091091111141151171181191201211221231241261271291.31135135136139ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS . page 3XVI . DOMESTIC INDUSTRY .......................................A . Production in the United States .....................1 . Domestic Content of Tools Produced inGeorgia .........................................a Materials . Sources .........................b . U.S. Sourced Parts . Percentageof costs ...................................c Labor .......................................d Production Overhead .........................e . Total Domestic Content of Tools Producedin Georgia ................................B . Other Tools in Issue . Japanese Production ..........XVII . INJURY ................................................A B C D E F G H I J .Competition Between Complainants and Respondents .....Other Evidence of Market Penetration .................Manufacturing Capacity ...............................Attendance of Trade Shows ............................Makita's Sales .......................................Sales Comparison ............-.......................Makita's Profitability ...............................Makita's Employment ..................................Threat of Injury .....................................Prevention of Establishment ..........................OPINION ......................................................I . INTRODUCTION ............................................I11 . COMMON LAW TRADEMARKS ..................................A Right to Use .......................................B Distinctiveness ....................................C . Functionality ......................................1 Utility Patents ................................2 . The Claimed Design Features and Complainants'Advertising ...................................159159162162163164164165165173173182183185186193194194195196198198198199200201202203204iii
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UNITED STATES INTERNATIONAL TRADE C
Page 6 and 7: 25. For the sole violation of secti
Page 9 and 10: UNITED STATES INTERNATIONAL TRADE C
Page 11 and 12: 3IIComplainants or is relatedtools,
Page 13 and 14: 5VI1(Service of Cease and Desist Or
Page 15: 7the issuance of temporary exclusio
Page 19 and 20: N? 1204296THEUNITED STATES OF AMERI
Page 21 and 22: ~~ ~' iUNITED STATES INTEFWATIONAL
Page 23 and 24: 3respondent Jet; (3) whether remedi
Page 25 and 26: 5the moving party had no previous o
Page 27 and 28: 7same parties, merchandise, and all
Page 29 and 30: 9investigation on the basis of the
Page 31 and 32: 11determination not to review and t
Page 33 and 34: 13Commission accordingly finds node
Page 35 and 36: 15that Jet is likely to resume such
Page 37 and 38: 17Tbe Public InterestThe public int
Page 39 and 40: 19United States, and United States
Page 41 and 42: 21Finally, to the extent that the d
Page 43: 23In the absence of any argument or
Page 46 and 47: written connnents from other agenci
Page 48 and 49: would be entitled to enter the Unit
Page 50 and 51: designation of sponsorship, source,
Page 52 and 53: FOR RESPONDENTS: JJcKaren M. Riggio
Page 56 and 57: TABLE OF CONTENTS - page 43. Other
Page 59 and 60: P8CCE2UUL HISTXV,Acomplaint was fil
Page 61 and 62: Honworld International Inc.P.O. BOX
Page 63 and 64: Marcia H. Sundeen, Esq., Office of
Page 65 and 66: e held in default and subjected to
Page 67 and 68: The foiiowing abbreviations are use
Page 69 and 70: located at 14930-C Northam Street,
Page 71 and 72: will add another (C) manufacturing
Page 73 and 74: attery cartridges and battery charg
Page 75 and 76: Republic of China.(CXG 1, Response
Page 77 and 78: 54. Alltrade power tools are source
Page 79 and 80: direct from ( C) (CXE 1, all pages:
Page 81 and 82: 83. Floyd Ready Associates, Inc. ("
Page 83 and 84: Charng Machinery Works, Ltd., to sh
Page 85 and 86: (b) Corded 4" Disk Grinders - Model
Page 87 and 88: and sold in the U.S. by Respondents
Page 89 and 90: and sold in the U.S. by ( C 1( C (C
Page 91 and 92: United States by Respondents PhF Br
Page 93 and 94: (j) Ohio Forge Model 644-196, sold
Page 95 and 96: is also sold by Respondent Tool Cit
Page 97 and 98: (e) Nesco Model Ni6800 is manufactu
Page 99 and 100: (g) Chicago Electric Power Tools Mo
Page 101 and 102: ( C ) (CXI 9, p. 2,Supplemental Res
Page 103 and 104: chargers for sale in the United Sta
Page 105 and 106:
(j) Alltrade Model 1926-D-7, import
Page 107 and 108:
IV.A. -on La w-138. The common law
Page 109 and 110:
specifically the witness statement
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more of the following features. . .
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170. In view of FF 167-69, above, t
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listed in a distributor price list
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188. This latter testimony of Mr. B
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(C( C199. (( C41).1C) (RXP 414, Sig
Page 121 and 122:
212. In most categories of tools Mr
Page 123 and 124:
differentiate respondents' battery
Page 125 and 126:
(RXP 131, p. 5).and charger for add
Page 127 and 128:
(CPX 96).... built tough and double
Page 129 and 130:
235. The name "Makita" -- a registe
Page 131 and 132:
247. ( C 1 sent a sample Makita cor
Page 133 and 134:
of the Jepson and Chicago Electric
Page 135 and 136:
design to CPX 37, the Makita sander
Page 137 and 138:
attorneys for complainants, he advi
Page 139 and 140:
I263. Study S was conducted with ap
Page 141 and 142:
(CU 10, Sorensen W.S., at 9: Sorens
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individuals who do not intend to us
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. Twenty-five percent of the sample
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291. In Dr. Sorenson's Study S, a t
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particular item?" (Question 4a).The
Page 151 and 152:
have not raised this issue or explo
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Tool S-2 (Makite Model 89035333 -Co
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Tool S-14 (MAKITA Hodel tDC7100/113
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prior to the conduct of the survey
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underrepresentation of females, and
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after the interviewer counted from
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manufacturers' names utilize that a
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350. One-half of the respondents in
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(a p9r CXA 49 , CXA 50). The eviden
Page 169 and 170:
365. Respondent Jenn Feng's Johnswe
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infringe any of Makita's claimed ma
Page 173 and 174:
380. Respondents P&F BrotherjNu-Way
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5. 4" Disc (Sander) Grinders389. Th
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a hex key on the motor housing and
Page 179 and 180:
It is a distinctively different col
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plunge router would not be covered
Page 183 and 184:
and the attachment of the handle an
Page 185 and 186:
with CPX 24, 42, 25, 21, and 23).Ov
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that the Mark I battery packs would
Page 189 and 190:
(Unopposed CPF PR 55 (14-1711, are
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cordless jigsaw; 7.2V and 9.6V batt
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grinder, Model No. JC 100; 14" cut-
Page 195 and 196:
479. Mr. Griffin had no personal kn
Page 197 and 198:
492. The respondents affix their ow
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( C )( C )( C )( C 1( C )( C 1(CXD
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Response to Complainants' Interr. N
Page 203 and 204:
511. ( CC( C( C( C( C( C( C( C )512
Page 205 and 206:
MQQELCCCCCCCCCC 1Since 1984, Jepson
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MODELDOLLAR AVERAGEOUANTITl BMOUNT
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MODELOUA!!ITyDOLLARAMOUNTAVERAGEPRI
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CGCCCCCCCCCCCCC. c535. In 1988, P&F
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541. Ta Shin designs and assembles
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552.In 1988, Tochiado sold (CCCC553
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MODEL( C 1( C 1(CXF 2).XVI. -TIC IN
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C570. ( C571. (( C 1CCC 1C572. MCA
Page 221 and 222:
CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC1577. ( CCC578. ( C
Page 223 and 224:
( C 1(e) Total Domestic W e n t of
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1CCCCC( C 1CCCC.cCCCC 111( CCC(- C
Page 227 and 228:
( C )Once drafted by Hr. Margolis,
Page 229 and 230:
((CC602. (C(C 1603. (CCC 1C604. (C
Page 231 and 232:
617. (C 1..A. CgmDetition Bet ween
Page 233 and 234:
627. Respondent Pace displays tools
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Ithe United States. (CXG 1, Ta Shin
Page 237 and 238:
652. Jepson has ( C )throughout the
Page 239 and 240:
( C1( C)( C 1665. ( C ) has adverti
Page 241 and 242:
( C 1(CPX 58, Bing Lin Dep., at 180
Page 243 and 244:
D. Attendance of Trade Sho WS689. T
Page 245 and 246:
(CC1C(C1705. (C( C706.(C1C 1C 1( C1
Page 247 and 248:
712. (C- cC 1(C713. ((ICExxALmu189
Page 249 and 250:
CC(C 1720. (CCCC 1C 1C 1CCC 1C 1(Cx
Page 251 and 252:
activities of respondents is tenuou
Page 253 and 254:
739. Employment at MCA increased in
Page 255 and 256:
(C( C752. (C(C( C )753. (C(C(C754.
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investigation under 19 U.S.C.51337
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indicates that complainants are ent
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are: (1) whether the design asserte
Page 263 and 264:
internal components and the need to
Page 265 and 266:
limited number of alternatives inso
Page 267 and 268:
lue has considerable utility and th
Page 269 and 270:
use of the color pink on its insula
Page 271 and 272:
Certain L-e Products, Majority Op.
Page 273 and 274:
quotas to ensure an even distributi
Page 275 and 276:
The Long Handle Cordless Drill (Mak
Page 277 and 278:
staff's position is well taken beca
Page 279 and 280:
from their sample as many people as
Page 281 and 282:
Respondents' experts testified pers
Page 283 and 284:
The Finishing Sander (Makita Model
Page 285 and 286:
attributable only to the claimed ma
Page 287 and 288:
percent accepted).Moreover, such ca
Page 289 and 290:
especially where the survey was con
Page 291 and 292:
The results of the R survey have no
Page 293 and 294:
any of these persons appear as witn
Page 295 and 296:
I221after requesting a Makita produ
Page 297 and 298:
122 (19821, S€hWer K€& COS v. U
Page 299 and 300:
commercial realities test in the Co
Page 301 and 302:
produced in the United States. 2 1A
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The evidence reveals that complaina
Page 305 and 306:
If complainants had proven that the
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in conceivable loss of sales, a ten
Page 309 and 310:
vnotion Docket Nos. 284-133 and 284
Page 311 and 312:
espondents' unfair acts and unfair
Page 313 and 314:
production of power tools in their
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Certain Electric Power Tools, Battery Cartridges, and ... - USITC

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