Institution of Local Self Governance and its Linkages with Tourism

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perform both rural and urban functions. Nagar Panchayats evennow exist in some states. Municipal Councils are constituted in asmaller urban area while fo r larger urban areas municipalcorporations are constituted. Demographic and other conditions,which are determining fa ctors fo r constituting a particular ty pe ofMunicipality, diffe r from state to state. It is left to the state todetermine which ty pe of municipality will be constituted fo r eachurban area. The areas for different ty pes of urban bod ies wouldbe specified by the Governor taking into account: population ofthe area; density of population; revenue generated by the localbody; and percentage of employment in non-agriculturalactivities; the economic importa nce and other fa ctors .2) The Act makes it obligatory fo r every state to constitute suchunits. But if there is an urban area or part of it where municipalservices are provided or proposed to be provided by an industrialestablishment in that area then considering also the size of thearea and other factors the governor may specify it to be anindustrial township (for e.g. Bokaro Steel City). For such an areait is not mandatory to constitute a Muncipality.II) Composition of Municipalities.( 243 R): A larger proportion ofmembers in the Municipality are elected members chosen bydirect election from the territorial constituencies in theMunicipa l area and fo r this purpose each Municipal areis divided into territorial constituencies also known as wards. Inaddition to the elected members, there are some nominatedmembers. 3) All the seats in a municipality are fi lled through directelection of members chosen from territo rial constituencies in themunicipal area and for this purpose each municipal area aredivided into territorial constituencies known as wards. Each seatrepresents a ward in the Municipality. Besides the seats fi lled bydirect elections, some seats may be filled by nomination ofpersons, having aptitude in municipal administration. For thispurpose the state legislature may specify the conditions andprocedure for nomination of such persons. But the person soappointed does not enjoy any voting right in the meetings of theMunicipality.27
III) Constitution and composition of Wards Committees, etc(2435) : The 74th Amendment Act also gives provision for thefo rmation of Wa rds Committees, consisting of one or more wards,within the territorial area of a Municipality having a population ofthree lakhs or more. The Legislature of a State may, by law, makeprovision with respect to (a) the composition and the territorialarea of a Wa rds Committee;(b) the manner in which the seats in aWa rds Committee shall be filled.IV) Powers and Functions of Urban Local Bodies (243 X): The74th Amendment Act, gives the those powers and authorities tothe Municipalities which are necessary to enable them tofu nction as institutions of self-government. The powers andfunctions devolved to the municipalities can be grouped intofollowing major heads:(i) The preparation of plans for economic development and socialjustice;(ii) The performance of fu nctions and the implementation of schemesas may be entrusted to them including those in relation to thematters listed in the Twelfth Schedule;The Committees with such powers and authority as may benecessary to enable them to carry out the responsibilities conferredupon them including those in relation to the matters listed in theTwelfth Schedule.The 12th Schedule of the 74th Constitutional Amendment Act ofIndia, defines 18 new tasks in the fu nctional domain of the UrbanLocal Bodies, as follows:•Urban Planning including town planning.•Regulation of land use and construction of building.•Planning for economic and social development.•Roads and bridges.•Water supply for domestic, industrial and commercial purposes•Public health, sanitation conservancy and solidwaste management.• Fire services.28
Page 1 and 2: Siudy On InSlitution .. rLOf:aJ Sel
Page 3 and 4: In, 1985, EQUATIONS was founded in
Page 5 and 6: fu nctions across various levels of
Page 7 and 8: The Indian ScenarioIn keeping with
Page 9 and 10: incentives and concessions as were
Page 11 and 12: tourism project may have.The nation
Page 13 and 14: which need to be given as much, if
Page 15 and 16: a) Cross-border supply of the servi
Page 17 and 18: In theory and on paper, free access
Page 19 and 20: such powers and authority as may be
Page 21 and 22: permitting individual states to leg
Page 23 and 24: Panchayat and authorize it to appro
Page 25 and 26: in the Schedule XI. The decision-ma
Page 27 and 28: • Though the provision talks abou
Page 29: panchayat elections mobilize suppor
Page 33 and 34: shares of such proceeds;•The dete
Page 35 and 36: (i) The plans prepared by the Munic
Page 37 and 38: 25 yrs. A member of the Municipalit
Page 39 and 40: every state is to open their record
Page 41 and 42: advice in disputes between a state
Page 43 and 44: as "charged" category as opposed to
Page 45 and 46: through customary methods. The Gram
Page 47 and 48: of the locals like enfo rcing prohi
Page 49 and 50: to function as units of self-govern
Page 51 and 52: Minor forests produce opening the f
Page 53 and 54: Cultural Activities Food May or may
Page 55 and 56: tourism sector, are to keep in mind
Page 57 and 58: Recommendation of the Gram Sabhaor
Page 59 and 60: Minor irrigation, water managementa
Page 61 and 62: and in no way a c c ommodates the l
Page 63 and 64: Q)ospecial schemes and projectsof t
Page 65 and 66: decentralized democracy atthe grass
Page 67 and 68: staff are all with thePanchayats. T
Page 69 and 70: 0)0)After a lot of wavering,Ta mil
Page 71 and 72: encoachievements of the Left Front
Page 73 and 74: This leads us to probe into the iss
Page 75 and 76: Scheduled areas were against the la
Page 77 and 78: Sterling Publishers Private Limited
Page 79 and 80: 6. Zilla Parishad: It constitutes t

Institution of Local Self Governance and its Linkages with Tourism

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