Institution of Local Self Governance and its Linkages with Tourism

More documents

Recommendations

Info

done in Dupont case .In another instance , the Government of Karnataka le ased out landsin sched uled are as for minin g operations to non-tribals withoutconsult in g them, thus contraven in g the fifth schedule of theConst itut ion . The Adiv as is in An antagir i mandai of vizag distr ict inAndra Pradesh were victims of powerful economic lobbies- themining industry. Sm all pr iv ate min ing companies were in occupat ionof trib al lands and were usin g tribals as laborers . The tribals in Borr aPanchayat who have been living in these hills for centur ies (the Borracaves which are world famous geological format ions of stalact itesand st alagmites date back to the pre-histor ic age) were den ied titledeeds to their own lands . On the othe r hand minin g compan ies weregiven leases by the state since the 1960s on trib al and forestlands .The first company to enter the are a was Birla Per iclase, which is acompany of Ind ian Rayon and Industr ies. The company was given ale ase of 120 acres of land in a small interior village calledNimmal ap adu , for exp loiti ng calc ite , one of the principal raw mate rialsfo r their Se a Water Magnesi a plant near Bh iml i.The tr ib als of Bo rra Panc h ayat with the help of an NGO, namedSamata put up a fight directly against the state as it was found outth at the le ases were against the land transfe r re gul ations of thescheduled are a (the LT R Act 1 of 1970) and started question in g thele gal ity of these le ases . A stron g peoples movement was bu ild upand a legal battle was fought to question the states right to grantmin in g leases in the scheduled are a to pr ivate compan ies as thele ases amounted to tr ansfer of tr ibal lands to non-tr ibals.Public interest liti gation was filed in the high cou rt of Andhr a Pradeshin 1993 on the grounds that the government was also a 'pe rson' (nontribal) and hence does not have the powe r to gr ant le ases in ascheduled area to non-tribals . A st ay order was granted and for thefi rst time after independe nce , the tr ib als of Borra Panch ayatcult ivated thei r own lands . In 1995 the stay order was lifted and thecase was dism issed by the High court. This prompted th e Samata totake the issue of tribals to the Supreme Cou rt. In July 1997, thehistor ic judgment was made which declared th at mining le ases in the71
Scheduled areas were against the land tran sfer reg ulations, andtherefore, null and void. The Court recognized the 73'd ConstitutionAmendment Act and the Andhra Pradesh Panchayat Raj (Extensionto Scheduled Areas) Act by stating that the Gram Sabhas shall becompetent to safeguard and preserve community resources andthereby reiterated the need to give the right of self-governance totribals. The court also recogn ized that the Government couldn't leaseout lands in scheduled areas for mining operations to non-tribals as itis In contravention of the fifth schedule of the Constitution.The legal victory was a great reassurance of democratic space totribal and constitutional rights. Mining activities in the scheduledareas of A.P. immediately came to a halt and the companies weredirected to close down their work. Tribals could take back their landsand practice agriculture and are living a life of dignity since the order.Apart from the above insta nces there are other insta nces like theBalco case and the Enron issue, which again goes to prove that thatthe Panchayats can assert their rights whenever their rights are takenaway unconstitutionally. Monitoring of all such projects and thepower to terminate them fo r non-fu lfillment of obligations- should behandled directly by the communities concerned, perhaps in the formof prevailing self-government institutions like Panchayats. Becauseas bitter experience shows that asking administration's cut off fromthe people to enforce regulations ensures nothing but graft,inefficiency and resounding fa ilure.From experience it is also seen that some Panchayat are proactivelyexpanding the space even within the available spectrum and havebeen effectively addressing multi-faceted issues including livelihood,employment generation, effective use of loca l resources andprotecting the environmental resources. It is clearly established fromthe first term of Panchayat Raj (Between 1993- 2001 ) thatPanchayati have done extensive work on addressing infrastructureissues of villages such as laying metal roads, rural electrification,street lights, water supply and providing cremation grounds.72
Page 1 and 2:
Siudy On InSlitution .. rLOf:aJ Sel
Page 3 and 4:
In, 1985, EQUATIONS was founded in
Page 5 and 6:
fu nctions across various levels of
Page 7 and 8:
The Indian ScenarioIn keeping with
Page 9 and 10:
incentives and concessions as were
Page 11 and 12:
tourism project may have.The nation
Page 13 and 14:
which need to be given as much, if
Page 15 and 16:
a) Cross-border supply of the servi
Page 17 and 18:
In theory and on paper, free access
Page 19 and 20:
such powers and authority as may be
Page 21 and 22:
permitting individual states to leg
Page 23 and 24: Panchayat and authorize it to appro
Page 25 and 26: in the Schedule XI. The decision-ma
Page 27 and 28: • Though the provision talks abou
Page 29 and 30: panchayat elections mobilize suppor
Page 31 and 32: III) Constitution and composition o
Page 33 and 34: shares of such proceeds;•The dete
Page 35 and 36: (i) The plans prepared by the Munic
Page 37 and 38: 25 yrs. A member of the Municipalit
Page 39 and 40: every state is to open their record
Page 41 and 42: advice in disputes between a state
Page 43 and 44: as "charged" category as opposed to
Page 45 and 46: through customary methods. The Gram
Page 47 and 48: of the locals like enfo rcing prohi
Page 49 and 50: to function as units of self-govern
Page 51 and 52: Minor forests produce opening the f
Page 53 and 54: Cultural Activities Food May or may
Page 55 and 56: tourism sector, are to keep in mind
Page 57 and 58: Recommendation of the Gram Sabhaor
Page 59 and 60: Minor irrigation, water managementa
Page 61 and 62: and in no way a c c ommodates the l
Page 63 and 64: Q)ospecial schemes and projectsof t
Page 65 and 66: decentralized democracy atthe grass
Page 67 and 68: staff are all with thePanchayats. T
Page 69 and 70: 0)0)After a lot of wavering,Ta mil
Page 71 and 72: encoachievements of the Left Front
Page 73: This leads us to probe into the iss
Page 77 and 78: Sterling Publishers Private Limited
Page 79 and 80: 6. Zilla Parishad: It constitutes t
show all

Institution of Local Self Governance and its Linkages with Tourism

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?