Institution of Local Self Governance and its Linkages with Tourism

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But the question that remains to be answered is wh ether a mereconstitutional provision is an adequate substitute for politicalwill to decentralize and devolve powers to the local bodies?Added to this, international commitments in the form of GATS furthernegates the ground principles and make mockery of the system.Despite all this internal and external inherent weaknesses stillPanchayats are the only space available for the local population toeffectively intervene, expand and tilt the balance of power in favor ofthem.To urism is one sector where Pa nchayats can effectively intervene inservices sector, especially when tourism projects are appropriatingspace and resources, including land, water, natural resources etc.that is meant for local indigenous community under the customarylaws. Proactively, Panchayats could also raise voices against noninclusionof local concerns in planning implementing and monitoringof tourism projects. It is in this backd ro p we turn our attention to, thenext section, which will also try to explore whether Pa nchayats canoverride the policies pursued at the national and international levelSECTION IIIAnalysis:Present day tourism promotion by any Government is purely fo reconomic reasons because it assumes that tourism generates hugeforeign exchange and creates direct and indirect employmentopportunities in services associated with it. It ra rely brings into focusthe ill affects associated with the tourism industry. It fails to addressthe problems of the people who gets actually affected and displacedas a result of tourism industry Both national and international policiesdo not give enoug h space in their policies to address the problems ofthe indigenous community at places where tourism is promoted.However the govern ment made some effort to bring in greaterdecentralization of power to the Pa nchayats and thereby to the localpeople through 73,d and 74'h Constitutional Amendment Acts. Itendowed the Panchayats with power and authority as to enable them45
to function as units of self-government. They were given power toimplement plans for the socio-economic development of their reg ion inletter, but in spirit it is not so. But as this section reflects that in spite ofthese measures, whenever a tourism project comes up in a local area,the Panchayats do not enjoy enough power because the national andinternational policies contravene them and act as a stumbling block inexercising those minimal powers Thus negating the true spirit ofdecentralization.The focus of this section therefore, will be to analyze, how in spite ofthe granting Constitutional status to the Panchayats, the presenttourism policy and the globalisation processes and international tradeagreements namely GATS negates the Panchayats' powers and arenot favorable to the local inhabitants.The methodology for analysisTa bles have been created so as to focus the rights and responsibilitiesof the Panchayats as per the 73'd and 74'" amendment. This is followedby the requirements of tourism development, tourism policies and theinternational agreement GATS . Possible anomalies between these arealso marked as remarks in the adjacent columnTa ble 1 Panchayat Rights and tourism expectationsRights and powersof the PanchayatsRequirementsof the Tourism IndustryRemarksLand i m p r ovement, Requires land to b u ild For acquisition of any landimplementation of la nd hotels, lodges. resorts , within the territorial area ofreforms. Reg ulation of landswimming pool, casinos, a Panchayat, tourismuseand construction ofbuildings.golf course etcindustry needs permissionof the panchayatsAcq u i r i n g I and fordevelopment proj ects andRequires land to build Requires the permission ofre habilitation and resettlement hotels, lodges, resorts, the Panchayats.of persons affected as a result swimming pool, casinos,of any projects underta ken in golf course etc. and toScheduled areas has to becarry out other projectsdone in consultation withrelated to tourismeither Gram Sabha or thePa nchayat at the appropriatelevel. (thus the tribal peopledoes not have to wa it fo r theconcerned authorities to act inthe vita l matter of landexploitation).Minor irrigation, watermanagement and wate rsheddevelopment.46
Page 1 and 2: Siudy On InSlitution .. rLOf:aJ Sel
Page 3 and 4: In, 1985, EQUATIONS was founded in
Page 5 and 6: fu nctions across various levels of
Page 7 and 8: The Indian ScenarioIn keeping with
Page 9 and 10: incentives and concessions as were
Page 11 and 12: tourism project may have.The nation
Page 13 and 14: which need to be given as much, if
Page 15 and 16: a) Cross-border supply of the servi
Page 17 and 18: In theory and on paper, free access
Page 19 and 20: such powers and authority as may be
Page 21 and 22: permitting individual states to leg
Page 23 and 24: Panchayat and authorize it to appro
Page 25 and 26: in the Schedule XI. The decision-ma
Page 27 and 28: • Though the provision talks abou
Page 29 and 30: panchayat elections mobilize suppor
Page 31 and 32: III) Constitution and composition o
Page 33 and 34: shares of such proceeds;•The dete
Page 35 and 36: (i) The plans prepared by the Munic
Page 37 and 38: 25 yrs. A member of the Municipalit
Page 39 and 40: every state is to open their record
Page 41 and 42: advice in disputes between a state
Page 43 and 44: as "charged" category as opposed to
Page 45 and 46: through customary methods. The Gram
Page 47: of the locals like enfo rcing prohi
Page 51 and 52: Minor forests produce opening the f
Page 53 and 54: Cultural Activities Food May or may
Page 55 and 56: tourism sector, are to keep in mind
Page 57 and 58: Recommendation of the Gram Sabhaor
Page 59 and 60: Minor irrigation, water managementa
Page 61 and 62: and in no way a c c ommodates the l
Page 63 and 64: Q)ospecial schemes and projectsof t
Page 65 and 66: decentralized democracy atthe grass
Page 67 and 68: staff are all with thePanchayats. T
Page 69 and 70: 0)0)After a lot of wavering,Ta mil
Page 71 and 72: encoachievements of the Left Front
Page 73 and 74: This leads us to probe into the iss
Page 75 and 76: Scheduled areas were against the la
Page 77 and 78: Sterling Publishers Private Limited
Page 79 and 80: 6. Zilla Parishad: It constitutes t

Institution of Local Self Governance and its Linkages with Tourism

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