Institution of Local Self Governance and its Linkages with Tourism

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BackgrounC: and Context:The passing c..f ?J'd and 74'h Amendment to Indian Con::titutor, isconsidered as landmark in the history of participatory democra cy,which ca me into effect on April 24'h 1993 . . A structural shift has beentaking place from mere representative democracy to participatorydemocracy and thus good governance precepts has beer, put in toopera tional space. The pa nchayats previously were a meresuggestion in the Directive Principles of State Policy whereas the 73'dand 74'h Amendment resulted in the Panchayati Raj Institutions(PRls) and Urban Local Bodies (ULBs) such as municipalities andmunicipal corporation being conferred constitutional sanction. Thismeans that all activities of PRls and ULBs as stipulated by the Acthave now legal and constitutional status and any violation of this byany body and at any time will be punishable by law. The reasonsbehind this amendment is that in many states, institutions of localgovernance have become weak and ineffective on account of avariety of reasons, including the failure to hold regular elections,prolonged suppressions and inadequate devolution of powers andfunctions.To urism is considered as growth engine for economic developmentand social development. However reality is different and tourismindustry is perhaps the best exam ple of the set.tors, in which needsand aspirations of the local communities have been marginalized,including that of loca l bodies. A closer look to the resources requiredby the tourism industry reveals the fact that tourism industry uses thereources, which fall undel jurisdiction of instituticns of local se lfgovE.:rnance.Hence, it becomes obligatory for the industry to take thE)permission and consent of the local institutions, prior to making theuse of local resources. However the last twelve years of experiencereflects that these institutions are not able to perform the roles andresponsibilities as per their constitutional mandatE:. At times lack Ofpolitical will of state and central government are responsible fer nonperformanceof these institutions, while at opE)rational level diversE;politica l agenda of these bud ies, creation of parallel instituticns, lackof support from the line departments and ambiguity of powers and
fu nctions across various levels of local governance put constrai nts infunctioning of these local institutions.In the light of 73' d and 74 th Constitutional Amendments and tourismdevelopments it is imperative to draw a correlation between theConstitutional Provisions and development of tourism industry andthe present paper attempts towards the similar analysis.The paper is divided into three sections:The first section looks into the importance of tourism industry and itscontribution to the world economy and Indian economy. The sectionalso looks into the various five-year plans in India and its effort inboosting tourism.The Second Section looks into the history of panchayati raj in ourcountry. It looks into the 73' d and 74 th Amendment Acts and the rightsgiven to the Panchayats and Municipalities under the Schedule IXand Schedule IXA. It also deals with the Bhuria Committeerecommendation for self-rule to the tribal population on the basis ofwhich certain provisions under the 73' d Amendment Acts wereextended to the Scheduled Areas.The Third Section, tries to analyze, how in spite of the constitutionalpowers granted to the panchayats, the present tourism policy and theinternational trade agreements, namely GATS negates thepanchayats powers and are not favora ble to the local communities.2
Page 1 and 2: Siudy On InSlitution .. rLOf:aJ Sel
Page 3: In, 1985, EQUATIONS was founded in
Page 7 and 8: The Indian ScenarioIn keeping with
Page 9 and 10: incentives and concessions as were
Page 11 and 12: tourism project may have.The nation
Page 13 and 14: which need to be given as much, if
Page 15 and 16: a) Cross-border supply of the servi
Page 17 and 18: In theory and on paper, free access
Page 19 and 20: such powers and authority as may be
Page 21 and 22: permitting individual states to leg
Page 23 and 24: Panchayat and authorize it to appro
Page 25 and 26: in the Schedule XI. The decision-ma
Page 27 and 28: • Though the provision talks abou
Page 29 and 30: panchayat elections mobilize suppor
Page 31 and 32: III) Constitution and composition o
Page 33 and 34: shares of such proceeds;•The dete
Page 35 and 36: (i) The plans prepared by the Munic
Page 37 and 38: 25 yrs. A member of the Municipalit
Page 39 and 40: every state is to open their record
Page 41 and 42: advice in disputes between a state
Page 43 and 44: as "charged" category as opposed to
Page 45 and 46: through customary methods. The Gram
Page 47 and 48: of the locals like enfo rcing prohi
Page 49 and 50: to function as units of self-govern
Page 51 and 52: Minor forests produce opening the f
Page 53 and 54: Cultural Activities Food May or may
Page 55 and 56:
tourism sector, are to keep in mind
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Recommendation of the Gram Sabhaor
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Minor irrigation, water managementa
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and in no way a c c ommodates the l
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Q)ospecial schemes and projectsof t
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decentralized democracy atthe grass
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staff are all with thePanchayats. T
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0)0)After a lot of wavering,Ta mil
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encoachievements of the Left Front
Page 73 and 74:
This leads us to probe into the iss
Page 75 and 76:
Scheduled areas were against the la
Page 77 and 78:
Sterling Publishers Private Limited
Page 79 and 80:
6. Zilla Parishad: It constitutes t
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