Institution of Local Self Governance and its Linkages with Tourism

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the tribal areas not included in the fifth and sixth schedules of theConstitution.Based on the Bhuria committees recommendations for self rule to thetribal population, Parliament extended certain provisions in the 73'dAmendment act meant for the Panchayats to the Scheduled Areas.Accord ingly, a bill was introduced in the Parliament on 19 December1996 and subsequently, the President's gave his assent on 24December 1996 after which it became a part of the Constitution.Scheduled Areas under the fifth Schedule includes dhra Pradesh,Jharkhand, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh,Chattisgarh, Maharashtra, Orissa and Rajasthan. The tribal areasunder the sixth Schedule include Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagalandand Tripura in the North Eastern region.The outstanding features of the Act (extension of ScheduledAreas) includes the following:The most notable feature of this act is that the Gram Sabha has beenmade the nucleus and the soul of all activities. Though 73'd Amendmenthas a provision fo r the constitution of the gram sabha but it is the Statelegislatures, which has been endowed by law to define the powers andfu nctions of the Gram Sabha. The extended act however, has made theGra m Sabha the soul of the democratically decentral izedadministrative structure, the symbol of tribal identity, traditionalcustoms and practices, and community assets. Any of the statelegislation on the Panchayats for the tribal areas has to be inagreement with the customary law, social and religious practices, andtraditional practices of community resources.A village has been recognized as a habitation or a group of habitationsor hamlet or a group of hamlets comprising of community and managingits affairs in accordance with the traditions and customs. Since the tribalsettlements are scattered and they live in small units, each unit can bedeclared as a village.The mandatory provisions of the extended Act are:1) Every village is to have a Gram Sabha consisting of persons whosenames are included in the electora l rolls for the Panchayats at thevillage level. Every Gram Sabha is empowered to safeguard andpreserve the traditions, customs and cultural identity of thepeople, community resources and settling local disputes41
through customary methods. The Gram Sabha under theextended act is to approve plans, programmes and projectsmeant for social and economic development of the villagepanchayat prior to its implementation by Panchayats at thevillage level. The gram Sabha has been empowered to identify andselect beneficiaries for poverty alleviation and otherprogrammes. This provision reduces the chance of misuse ofpowers by the bureaucracy and the politicians.2) Every village panchayat has to get a certificate from the GramSabha for the utilization of funds meant for projects andprogrammes for social and economic development, povertyalleviation and other programmes.3) Acquiring land for development projects and rehabilitation andresettlement of persons affected as a result of any projectundertaken in the scheduled areas has to be done in consultationwith either gram Sabha or the Pa nchayat at the appropriate level.Planning and implementation of the project has to be coordinated atthe state level.3) Planning and management of minor water bodies in the scheduledareas have to be managed by the Panchayats at the appropriatelevel.4) For grant of license or lease of land for the purpose of mining minorminerals, the recommendation of the gram Sabha or the panchayatat the appropriate level is mandatory. Grant of concessions for theexploitation of minor minerals by auction has to be given on therecommendations of the Gram Sabha or the panchayat at theappropriate level. This is a measure taken to prevent illegal miningand overexploitation of natural and economic resources.5) Besides the above mandatory powers the gram sabha or thepanchayat at the appropriate level enjoy other mandatory powerssuch as: i) to enforce prohibition or to regulate and restrict the saleand consumption of any intoxicant; ii) the ownership of minor forestproduce and management of all types of village markets; iii) toprevent alienation of land and to take appropriate action to restoreany unlawfully alienated land of a scheduled land of a scheduledtribe in the scheduled areas; iv) to exercise control over local plansand its resources including tribal sub-plans.42
Page 1 and 2: Siudy On InSlitution .. rLOf:aJ Sel
Page 3 and 4: In, 1985, EQUATIONS was founded in
Page 5 and 6: fu nctions across various levels of
Page 7 and 8: The Indian ScenarioIn keeping with
Page 9 and 10: incentives and concessions as were
Page 11 and 12: tourism project may have.The nation
Page 13 and 14: which need to be given as much, if
Page 15 and 16: a) Cross-border supply of the servi
Page 17 and 18: In theory and on paper, free access
Page 19 and 20: such powers and authority as may be
Page 21 and 22: permitting individual states to leg
Page 23 and 24: Panchayat and authorize it to appro
Page 25 and 26: in the Schedule XI. The decision-ma
Page 27 and 28: • Though the provision talks abou
Page 29 and 30: panchayat elections mobilize suppor
Page 31 and 32: III) Constitution and composition o
Page 33 and 34: shares of such proceeds;•The dete
Page 35 and 36: (i) The plans prepared by the Munic
Page 37 and 38: 25 yrs. A member of the Municipalit
Page 39 and 40: every state is to open their record
Page 41 and 42: advice in disputes between a state
Page 43: as "charged" category as opposed to
Page 47 and 48: of the locals like enfo rcing prohi
Page 49 and 50: to function as units of self-govern
Page 51 and 52: Minor forests produce opening the f
Page 53 and 54: Cultural Activities Food May or may
Page 55 and 56: tourism sector, are to keep in mind
Page 57 and 58: Recommendation of the Gram Sabhaor
Page 59 and 60: Minor irrigation, water managementa
Page 61 and 62: and in no way a c c ommodates the l
Page 63 and 64: Q)ospecial schemes and projectsof t
Page 65 and 66: decentralized democracy atthe grass
Page 67 and 68: staff are all with thePanchayats. T
Page 69 and 70: 0)0)After a lot of wavering,Ta mil
Page 71 and 72: encoachievements of the Left Front
Page 73 and 74: This leads us to probe into the iss
Page 75 and 76: Scheduled areas were against the la
Page 77 and 78: Sterling Publishers Private Limited
Page 79 and 80: 6. Zilla Parishad: It constitutes t

Institution of Local Self Governance and its Linkages with Tourism

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