Institution of Local Self Governance and its Linkages with Tourism

More documents

Recommendations

Info

6) As per the extended Act, Reservation of seats in the scheduledareas at every panchayat has to be in prooortion to the population ofthe communities in that panchayat for vv hom reservation is to begiven under part IX of the constitution. Reservation of seats at alltiers of panchayats for the scheduled tribes shall not be less one-halfof the total number of seats; the act provided further that all seats ofchairpersons of panchayat at all levels shall be reserved for thescheduled tribes.7) In case there is no representation of scheduled tribes at theintermediate or district level then the state government cannominate a person to represent such tribes but the number ofpersons to be nominated can not exceed one-tenth of the totalmembers to be elected in the panchayat.8) The state legislature while endowing powers to the Panchayats hasto ensure that Panchayats at the lower level do no assume thepowers and authority of any lower level panchayat or the gramsabha.9) Thus we see that the extended Act gives the Gram Sabha immensemandatory powers. It gives them independence, freedom andautonomy to take their own decisions and manages their own affairs.The provisions are designed to protect the tribals from exploitationand help in their genuine development and self-reliance. Byassigning the gram Panchayats power to approve plans,programmes and projects for the social and economic development.It has tried to reduce the chances of misuse of power mainly bypoliticians and bureaucracy in the management and implementationof development programmes. It brings in transparency andaccountability in the system and leads to closer monitoring by thelocal people. It would have been better if provisions had been madewhere Gram Sabha could identify schemes and locations for anyprojects.10) The extended act has taken cognizance of the longstandingproblems of the tribal people in matters of indebtness, landalienation, displacement, alcoholism, right on water, forests andother natural resources. The permission of the Gram Sabha or theappropriate Panchayat has been made mandatory with regard toacquisition, resettlement and rehabilitation of any tribal lands.11) The extended provision has tried to look into the perennial problems43
of the locals like enfo rcing prohibition, ownership of minor fo restproduce, preventing alienation of land, managing village markets,control over money lending, control over institutions dealing withsocial sectors and their functionaries and control over local plansand resources including tribal sub-plans. This provision th usprotects tribals fro m exploitation and help in their genuinedevelopment.ShortcomingsThere are Lacunae within the act, it applies to only the fifthscheduled areas; it does not include the sixth schedule areas.Moreover there are many tribal areas that have been excluded fromboth the schedules, thus preventing them from reaping theadvantages mentioned in the special co nstitutional provisions.1) The Act does not mention anything about taking away landbelonging to the local population by the centra l government in thename of national interest. For e.g. in order to carry out anydefense programme like testing of missiles, or conducting nucleartests, the government can act arbitra ri ly and can conduct tests onthe land belonging to the tribals. Though as per the constitutionalact, this is a clear violation or misuse of tribal property. Thegovernment in such cases often gets away by saying that it iscarrying on the programmes in the name of national interests.Security of the nation is given precedence in such cases.2) The rights over land and resources in the fo rest regions where thetribal populations had historically lived had been taken away bythe Indian Forest Act 1927 and the subsequent land acquisitionacts (both colonial acts). The shedule five areas and thePanchayati raj had not reinstated this right back to the tribalpeople.Conclusion: The 73'd and 74th amendments are a milestone in thehistory of the rural local government. It is an act of Political andadminist.ative decentralization, thus releasing the loca l populationfrom control by politicians and bureaucracy. The amendment hasmade an attempt to make the local bodies more broad based torescue them from possible domination by the socially andeconomically dominant fe udal lords.44
Page 1 and 2: Siudy On InSlitution .. rLOf:aJ Sel
Page 3 and 4: In, 1985, EQUATIONS was founded in
Page 5 and 6: fu nctions across various levels of
Page 7 and 8: The Indian ScenarioIn keeping with
Page 9 and 10: incentives and concessions as were
Page 11 and 12: tourism project may have.The nation
Page 13 and 14: which need to be given as much, if
Page 15 and 16: a) Cross-border supply of the servi
Page 17 and 18: In theory and on paper, free access
Page 19 and 20: such powers and authority as may be
Page 21 and 22: permitting individual states to leg
Page 23 and 24: Panchayat and authorize it to appro
Page 25 and 26: in the Schedule XI. The decision-ma
Page 27 and 28: • Though the provision talks abou
Page 29 and 30: panchayat elections mobilize suppor
Page 31 and 32: III) Constitution and composition o
Page 33 and 34: shares of such proceeds;•The dete
Page 35 and 36: (i) The plans prepared by the Munic
Page 37 and 38: 25 yrs. A member of the Municipalit
Page 39 and 40: every state is to open their record
Page 41 and 42: advice in disputes between a state
Page 43 and 44: as "charged" category as opposed to
Page 45: through customary methods. The Gram
Page 49 and 50: to function as units of self-govern
Page 51 and 52: Minor forests produce opening the f
Page 53 and 54: Cultural Activities Food May or may
Page 55 and 56: tourism sector, are to keep in mind
Page 57 and 58: Recommendation of the Gram Sabhaor
Page 59 and 60: Minor irrigation, water managementa
Page 61 and 62: and in no way a c c ommodates the l
Page 63 and 64: Q)ospecial schemes and projectsof t
Page 65 and 66: decentralized democracy atthe grass
Page 67 and 68: staff are all with thePanchayats. T
Page 69 and 70: 0)0)After a lot of wavering,Ta mil
Page 71 and 72: encoachievements of the Left Front
Page 73 and 74: This leads us to probe into the iss
Page 75 and 76: Scheduled areas were against the la
Page 77 and 78: Sterling Publishers Private Limited
Page 79 and 80: 6. Zilla Parishad: It constitutes t

Institution of Local Self Governance and its Linkages with Tourism

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?