Winter 2008 - Vol. 3 No. 3 - National Association of Extension 4-H ...

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Volume 3, Number 3, Winter 2008Article 080303FA007Perceived Effectiveness of Youth-AdultPartnerships on Enhancing Life SkillDevelopment through 4-HJeff Sallee and Charles CoxOklahoma State UniversityAbstract: The purpose of this study was to determine if youth andadult participants in the 4-H Environmental Impact program perceiveyouth-adult partnerships as an effective means to enhance the youths’development of life skills. The study further sought to discover theperceived obstacles that may keep youth and adults from participatingin equal partnerships. The life skills of: Leadership, Cooperation, ServiceLearning, and Planning and organizing were enhanced through theyouths’ participation in the youth-adult partnership. Through thisresearch there was evidence that many of the youth participants didperceive themselves as equal team members when participating in thisyouth-adult partnership. The research indicated the greatest perceivedobstacle that kept youth from engaging was not much time afterhomework and other activities. It is recommended that all participantsin newly formed youth-adult partnerships receive training on how toimplement this type of program, and how to participate equally.IntroductionLeadership development has been, and continues to be a major goal of the 4-H YouthDevelopment program. As the world enters the 21st century, many youth programs, including4-H, are focusing on the effectiveness of their leadership training (Seevers, 1995). A historicalapproach to teaching leadership to 4-H youth has been through life skill development. Life skillshave been defined as the abilities that are useful for living everyday life. They include thinking,doing and feeling skills. The overall purpose of the life skills approach to leadership training wasthe development of skills necessary to perform leadership functions in real life (Miller, 1976).
The purpose of this study was to determine if youth and adult participants in the 4-HEnvironmental Impact program perceive youth-adult partnerships as an effective means toenhance the youths’ development of life skills. The study further sought to discover if therewere perceived obstacles that may keep youth and adults from participating in youth-adultpartnerships.Objectives for this Study1. To determine if youth and adult team members perceive that youth developed the life skillsof leadership, cooperation, contributions to group efforts, accepting differences, servicelearning, planning and organizing through participation in youth-adult partnerships.2. To determine if youth perceive themselves as equal team members when serving in apartnership with adults.3. To discover if there are perceived obstacles that may keep youth from engaging in youthadultpartnerships.4. To discover methods for improving newly developed youth-adult partnerships in order todevelop life skills.Design and ProceduresThe research was an exploratory study to determine the perceptions of youth and adultsinvolved in partnerships through Oklahoma 4-H Youth Development Environmental Impactprograms. Specifically the study sought to determine how youth perceived the development oflife skills through their involvement in the youth-adult partnership.The design selected for this research was a mixed method approach. A mixed method design isa procedure for collecting, analyzing, and mixing both quantitative and qualitative data in asingle study (Creswell, 2005). The research study consisted of a quantitative pre-survey andpost-survey regarding the perceptions of the participants. The study also involved a qualitativeassessment. The adult participants were asked to complete an open-ended report of theirexperiences relating to the project. The ultimate outcome of this approach was to determinethe perceptions of the adult participants regarding youth-adult partnerships developing lifeskills. By assessing both quantitative and qualitative outcomes we can develop a complexpicture of the social phenomena (Creswell, 2005). The mixed method design was the mostappropriate means to collect the necessary data to analyze the participants’ perceptions ofdeveloping life skills through youth-adult partnerships.The internal consistency method provides a unique estimate of reliability of the surveyinstrument for the given test administration. The most popular internal consistency reliabilityestimate was given by Cronbach’s alpha. According to Ary, Jacobs, and Razavieh (1972) mosttest makers and researchers are satisfied if they obtain a Cronbach’s alpha indicator greaterthan .70. Subsequently, all questions on the survey which received a rating lower than .70, onthis research, were not used in the findings of this study.
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Winter 2008Volume 3 Number 3Editor
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Examining the Potential Unintended
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centered, multidisciplinary approac
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Volume 3, Number 3, Winter 2008Arti
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fostering skill learning and positi
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Table 1Participation in out-of-scho
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ResultsOur analyses were conducted
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watching TV, playing video games or
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Accordingly, this research augments
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Dotterer, A.M., McHale, S.M., & Cro
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A Descriptive View of the 4-H Club
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In this paper, the results of a cro
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section is a set of statements that
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Table 3Experience in the 4-H clubNo
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significantly higher than Caucasian
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p
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This study focused only on the 4-H
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Theokas, C., Lerner, J.V., Phelps,
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potential for reaching audiences, d
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Putting Marketing Concepts into Pra
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2. Find out what others think about
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Diem, K.G. (1994). What do youth li
Page 50 and 51: Promoting Supportive Relationships
Page 52 and 53: focused on youth-adult relationship
Page 54 and 55: Conversely, more modern educational
Page 56 and 57: perhaps most importantly, the effic
Page 58 and 59: Organized youth programs, when stru
Page 60 and 61: likely to internalize the positive
Page 62 and 63: Ellis, J.M., & Caldwell, L.L. (2005
Page 64 and 65: Schweinle, A., Meyer, D.K., & Turne
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Page 68 and 69: This study uses the “5 Cs” mode
Page 70 and 71: ResultsIn this analysis 48 codes we
Page 72 and 73: Table 3Inductive Codes Classified b
Page 74 and 75: CompetenceCompetence in organized s
Page 76 and 77: ecause of him (the coach)…. You d
Page 78 and 79: practices and competitions, the gir
Page 80 and 81: Eccles, J.S., & Gootmann, J.A. (Eds
Page 82 and 83: Smoll, F.L., & Smith, R.E. (2002).
Page 86 and 87: The present work builds upon that o
Page 88 and 89: MethodSample and Data CollectionAs
Page 90 and 91: (scores ranging from 0 to 8) and a
Page 92 and 93: Table 2Paired Sample T-tests Compar
Page 94 and 95: Hypotheses 5 and 6 were tested by c
Page 96 and 97: De Coverly Veale, D.M.W. (1987). Ex
Page 98 and 99: Story, M., Neumark-Sztainer, D., Sh
Page 102 and 103: Cronbach’s Alpha Score For Youth
Page 104 and 105: 12 to 18 years old. Fourteen of the
Page 106 and 107: Therefore, there was a mixed relati
Page 108 and 109: Youth respondents identified two ob
Page 110 and 111: are developed through working in a
Page 112 and 113: Seevers, B.S., & Dormody, T.J. (199
Page 116 and 117: With the many opportunities that yo
Page 118 and 119: meaningfully reduced involving dedu
Page 120 and 121: StaffingXTime/Schedule X X XTrainin
Page 122 and 123: “Involving adults that will allow
Page 124 and 125: “They can't drive or do not have
Page 126 and 127: page in understanding why youth voi
Page 128 and 129: Parker, L. (1999). If all youth ser
Page 132 and 133: However, the literature is mixed in
Page 134 and 135: group was the quality of the progra
Page 136 and 137: Table 1Reasons for Non-Attendance:
Page 138 and 139: easons given was six. Sixty-three p
Page 140 and 141: The non-family-related activities t
Page 142 and 143: “Catch ‘Em Being Good:”An Ext
Page 144 and 145: In 2001, the WVUES received a schoo
Page 146 and 147: to leverage the resources of the co
Page 148 and 149: 4. Most primary behavior incidents
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Recommendations for developing prog
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Cross-Cultural UnderstandingThrough
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that plague these nations such as p
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2003). Youth leadership training in
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• enable these young people to pa
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We believe that the USPORT program
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West Virginia’s Response to theRo
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Ensuring good oral health requires
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Table 1Correlations between Planner
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problems in this rural state…This
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vacuum. Determination of factors, a
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ReferencesBaldwin, C., & Caldwell,
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Purpose of StudyThe purpose of this
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Students in the High computer gamin
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Do Higher Levels of 4-H LeadershipA
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IntroductionEmotional Intelligence
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second section examined demographic
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a constructive manner. The group is
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differences in the scores for the 1
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Adaptability include “Reality Tes
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ReferencesAmerican Academy of Pedia
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Healthy Kids, Healthy Families:A Co
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and a half million U.S. youth (ages
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Families. In partnering counties, p
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Healthy Families was then offered a
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Kamberelis, G., & Dimitriadis, G. (
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Change It Up!What Girls Say About R
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In addition, the study summarizes t
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Winter 2008 - Vol. 3 No. 3 - National Association of Extension 4-H ...

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